Neurodevelopmental Disorders Flashcards
When assigning a DSM-5-TR diagnosis of intellectual disability to a child, the level of severity of the disorder is determined by considering the child’s:
A. adaptive functioning.
B. socioemotional functioning.
C. full-scale IQ score.
D. adaptive functioning and full-scale IQ score.
Answer A is correct. For the diagnosis of intellectual disability, level of severity (mild, moderate, severe, or profound) is based on adaptive functioning in conceptual, social, and practical domains.
The most effective intervention for children with childhood-onset fluency disorder is likely to be which of the following?
A. overcorrection
B. habit reversal training
C. stimulus control
D. stress inoculation training
Answer B is correct. The treatment-of-choice for childhood-onset fluency disorder (stuttering) is habit reversal training. It incorporates several strategies including competing response training which, for this disorder, is regulated breathing.
The DSM-5 diagnosis of ADHD requires an onset of symptoms before ____ years of age.
A. 7
B. 9
C. 12
D. 15
Answer C is correct. The diagnosis of ADHD requires a pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that has persisted for at least six months, had an onset before 12 years of age, and is present in at least two settings.
Neuroimaging studies have linked ADHD to a:
A. larger-than-normal entorhinal cortex.
B. smaller-than-normal entorhinal cortex.
C. larger-than-normal prefrontal cortex.
D. smaller-than-normal prefrontal cortex.
Answer D is correct. ADHD has been linked to abnormalities in several areas of the brain including a smaller-than-normal prefrontal cortex.
Which of the following is most associated with a better prognosis for autism spectrum disorder?
A. an IQ over 55
B. a sudden onset of symptoms
C. functional language skills by age five
D. brief duration of active-phase symptoms
Answer C is correct. The prognosis for autism spectrum disorder is best when the person has an IQ over 70, functional language skills by age five, and an absence of comorbid mental health problems.
For a DSM-5-TR diagnosis of Tourette’s disorder, the client must have which of the following?
A. at least one motor tic and one vocal tic.
B. at least one motor tic and multiple vocal tics.
C. multiple motor tics and at least one vocal tic.
D. multiple motor tics and multiple vocal tics.
Answer C is correct. The diagnosis of Tourette’s disorder requires at least one vocal tic and multiple motor tics that may occur together or at different times.
The most common comorbid disorder for specific learning disorder is:
A. major depressive disorder.
B. ADHD.
C. social anxiety disorder.
D. oppositional defiant disorder.
Answer B is correct. The studies have consistently found ADHD to be the most common comorbid disorder for individuals with specific learning disorder.
