Narratology

Question 1

what is narrotology

Answer 1

Methodological tool of analysis

Question 2

What is narrotology about

Answer 2

Mediacy = principle quality of being mediated

Question 3

Franz K. Stanzels typology model:

2 modes:

Person

Perspektive

the therree narative situations

Answer 3

Stanzels typology model:

2 modes:
Narrator mode:
Explicit narration by a narrator

Vs.

Reflector-mode:
Presentation trough consciousness of protagonist

Person
Identity or non identity of narrator and protagonist part of the narated world
Are they the same: narator and protoganis or not

Perspektive
Internal or external perspective

Internal perspective (inside of the story) means that the narrative focuses on thoughts and emotions while external perspektive (outside his story) focuses solely on characters’ actions, behavior, the setting

Is the perception located outside or inside of the story.

First person narrator: - main things that sets it apparat from the figural:

* Narrative and experiencing eye = both narrates and experiences 
* Can be protagonist or simply a vidness (but the perspektive Is always internal)

Authorial:
* Godlike - panoramic view
* Knows past, present, and future

Figural narrative situation
* 3 pers, reflector mode, internal,
* Complete absence - meaning no narrative voice
* It creates an illusion of immediacy (direct access to the character and story) - there cant even be non identity because there is no narrator - so no mediation institution if you will, just reflectormode.

Question 4

draw and explain stanzels model

Answer 4

First person narrator: - main things that sets it apparat from the figural:

* Narrative and experiencing eye = both narrates and experiences 
* Can be protagonist or simply a vidness (but the perspektive Is always internal)

Authorial:
* Godlike - panoramic view
* Knows past, present, and future

Figural narrative situation
* 3 pers, reflector mode, internal,
* Complete absence - meaning no narrative voice
* It creates an illusion of immediacy (direct access to the character and story) - there cant even be non identity because there is no narrator - so no mediation institution if you will, just reflectormode.

Question 5

Omniscient

Answer 5

all knowing

Question 6

Frame Narrative:

Answer 6

A story within a story, within sometimes yet another story

Question 7

Telling vs. Showing

Answer 7

• Simple: Does the narrator show or tell us

Thoughts and speech diegetic (telling) or given directly (mimetic/shown)

Question 8

2 Speech representation:

Free indirect discourse

Interior Monologue

Answer 8

• Free indirect discourse
  Mixes character and narrators voices
  • Interior Monologue
  • Quoted without any mediating instance. Extensive use of first-person singular
    A stream o f conciousness

Question 9

who or what is the focalizer

Answer 9

• Presence of a reflector-character
  main function is to reflect, i.e., to mirror in his.consciousness what is going on in the world outside or inside himself. A. reflector-character never narrates in the sense of verbalizing his perceptions, thoughts and feelings

Focaliser = the question of who is seeing, is also acsess to focalisers feelings, expressions, though.
However there is still also a narrator.
It’s a bit like the reflector - they are our emotional, physical, cognative anker.
For eksampe the narrator is not part of the world, but we still have 3 person acess to a characters feelings meaning that character is the focalizer.

Question 10

Heterodiegetic, Homodiegetic, Autodiegetic

Answer 10

Heterodiegetic - outside the story

vs

Homodiegtic - inside the story
autodiegetic - telling their own story

Question 11

Diegesis

Answer 11

story

Question 12

Extradiagetic
intradiegetic
Hypodiegetic

Answer 12

The extradiegetic narrator is the narrator of the first degree of the story. They are external to the diegesis. The extradiegetic narrator (outside) is therefore telling the intradiegetic narrative (inside the story).

A character within the diegesis can be/become an intradiegetic narrator when they tell a story. As you pointed out, this happens in the case of an embedded narrative. In this case, the character becomes an intradiegetic narrator telling the hypodiegetic narrative. The diegesis always refers to the first level of the story world, the second level would be the hypodiegetic level. If a character on the hypodiegetic level begins telling a story, they become the hypodiegetic narrator of a story taking place on the hypo-hypodiegetic level, and so on.

an intradiegetic narrator is any narrator that is positioned within the diegesis. The website

Question 13

what do we call a story within a story

Answer 13

Embedded narative

Question 14

The internal focaliser can be one of three things?

Answer 14

Fixed focalization: same perspective(restricted to one character) (so maybe fixed internal focalisation)

Variable: Different scenes = different focalizers, think sifi novels,

Multible: Same event several perspectives (or focalizers)

Question 15

Perceptibility can be?

Answer 15

Overt: intrusive, obvious, we feel the narrators presence

Covert: Minimal Narratorial presence: mostly reporting not cognitive. Citation, if characters are talking a lot. Even if they are talking about there feelings then you are closer to the character.
A first person narrator can also be overt.

Question 16

what do we call it when the narator participates or does not participate in the world

Answer 16

Hetero or homo diegetic
(auto diegtic)

Question 17

Name the three types of focalization

Answer 17

Internal Focalization
Externalfocalization
Zero focalization (or degrees or the above)

Question 18

explain:

Internal Focalization
Externalfocalization
Zero focalization (or degrees or the above)

Answer 18

· Internal focalization narrators knowledge equals the narrators knowledge
- Then you have a character focalizer
- Fixed focalization - restricted to one and the same perspectives
- Variable focalization: different scenes are presented trough different perspektives
- Multible focalization:

· External focalization (narrator focalization) narrators knows more than characters
-  always narrator focalizer  who can only describe observable behavior showing
- Iformation abut the characters External behavoiur without presenting feelings or thoughts


· Zero focalisation
- Closer to authorial perspektive snatzel, birds eye view
- Its different from internal because it its not multible perspektives in just one scene but several scenes several perspektives

Question 19

what kind of focalization when

1. Narator knows as much as the characters
2. Narator knows less then characters
3. Narator knows more than characters

Answer 19

1. Internal
2. external
3. zero

Question 20

Name Roman Keenans three degrees of focalization

Answer 20

Perceptual facet
- Sight hearing smell
- Spacial undertsanding (birds eye view from outside, or limited observer from inside)
- Time or tempoarality

Psychological facet
- Refers to mind and motion
- Cognitive component: knowlegde, belief, memory
(restricted internal focaliser vs. unrestricted external focalizer)

- Emotive component: objective (uninvolved) vs Subjective (involved) 

Ideological facet
- Whose norms are narated

Question 21

Mixes character and narrators voices
- Stream of thought
No quotation

Answer 21

Free indirect discourse

- Includes: free indirect thought and speech 
- In Austens novel MP, she tells us who knows what at what point and time, so there si variable nternal Focalization. Sometimes the narrator will explain to us what the people are thinking.  The heterodiegetic narration shifts perceptions (different persons)

Question 22

• Quoted without any mediating instance
  
  • Extensive use of first-person singular
    A stream o f conciousness

Answer 22

Interior Monologue

Question 23

Flashbacks/reterospection

Answer 23

analepsis

Question 24

Foreshadowing/anticipation

Answer 24

prolepsis

Question 25

• The reporting verb is always present: Mary wondered
• The conjunction that is optional

Mary wondered what on earth she should do now (more mimetic of reality - to a degree)
Mixes character and narrators voices

Idirect content pharaphrase:

The narrator pharaphrases what the character says.

Answer 25

Indirect discourse

Question 26

Mary said “what should I Do now”

• Quoted without any mediating instance
• Extensive use of first-person singular
• A stream o f conciousness
• Reporting verb present or implied
• Conjunction that is absent
• We are closer to the character because we hear it clear from their month

Answer 26

direct discourse