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BSAVA Clinical Pathology > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

How do leukocyte counts change in young animals as they age?

A

Normal at birth
By 3-4 months neutrophil/lymphocyte counts increase
Normal by 5-6 months

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2
Q

How to the marginated and circulating pools of neutrophils compare in dogs and cats?

A

D - 50/50
C - 75/25 M/C

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3
Q

What is the circulating half life of neutrophils?

A

6-12h

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4
Q

What causes neutrophil toxic change?

A

Severe inflammatory disease - bacterial infections/IMHA
Some drugs/toxins
Storage

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5
Q

What are the features of toxic change?

A

Cytoplasmic basophilia
Cytoplasmic vacuolation
Dohle bodies
Toxic granulation
Nuclear swelling
Giant neutrophils
Doughnut nuclei

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6
Q

In what species are Dohle bodies a normal finding?

A

Cats

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7
Q

List 2 inherited forms on neutropenia and the breed affected

A

Trapped neutrophil syndrome
Cyclic haemopoiesis
Border collies

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8
Q

List 3 inherited neutrophil abnormalities and the affected breed

A

LAD - Irish Setters
Chediak-Higashi - Persians
Pelger Huet - DSH and dogs

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9
Q

What infectious diseases can be seen within neutrophils?

A

Ehrlichia
Anaplasma
Histoplasma
Hepatozoon
Leishmania

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10
Q

What is the function of basophils?

A

Allergy/parasites

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11
Q

Where does most lymphopoeisis occur?

A

Secondary lymphoid tissue - LN, tonsils, Peyer’s patches, spleen

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12
Q

How are B/T lymphocytes differentiated on flow cytometry?

A

B - CD79a
T - CD3

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13
Q

Which are the only WBCs that circulate between tissues and blood?

A

Lymphocytes

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14
Q

What are causes of lymphocytosis?

A

Physiological - fear/stress
Youth
Recent vaccination
Immune stimulation
IMHA (C)
Hyperthyroidism
Hypoadrenocorticism
Lymphoma
ALL, CLL
(Thymoma)

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15
Q

What biochemical changes are commonly seen in ALL (artifactual and pathological)?

A

^ K+
v glucose
^Ca++/gammaglobulins

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16
Q

How does PARR work?

A

PCR for antigen receptor rearrangements
PCR amplifying immunoglobulin gene (B cell) or T-cell receptor gene
Detects either single gene or different products

17
Q

What are the limitations of PARR

A

False +ves (Ehrlichia)
False -ves (rare)
Some tumours show clonal rearrangements of B and T
Not reliable as sole determinant of phenotype

18
Q

What are the flow cytometry markers of T cells in dogs?

A

CD3, CD4, CD5, CD8

19
Q

What are the flow cytometry markers of B cells in dogs?

A

CD21, CD79a

20
Q

What are the flow cytometry markers of leukocytes in dogs?

A

CD45

21
Q

What are the flow cytometry markers of T cells in cats?

A

CD4, CD5, CD8

22
Q

What are the flow cytometry markers of B cells in cats?

A

CD21

BSAVA Clinical Pathology (25 decks)

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