India Flashcards
1
Q
Site, situation and connectivity
A
- Close proximity to the Middle East and the Asian Tigers - enables it to easily import oil
- Coastal location - enables it to easily import and export goods due to port access
- Located in the Arabian Sea - enables it to easily trade with other countries by sea
- Some areas are landlocked creating disparities
2
Q
Social significance
A
- Worlds 2nd largest population at 1.25 billion in 2015
- Worlds 4th and 5th largest cities - Mumbai and Kolkata
- Worlds worst urban slums, housing 40 million
- Society divided into social ranks called ‘castes’
- Former British colony - helped India become globally important as many speak English
3
Q
Political significance
A
- Worlds largest democracy - in 2015 672 million were registered to vote
- One of the founding members of the UN and one of the G20 nations
4
Q
Cultural significance
A
- Birthplace of 4 of the worlds largest religions - Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism and Sihkism
- Diverse
- Worlds largest film industry - BOllywood prodcues 1200 films a year
5
Q
Environmental significance
A
- Rich biodiversity - 6% of worlds bird and plant spcies
- Worst environmental problems - worlds 3rd greatest emitter of greenhouse gases
- Range of landscape and climates with a powerful monsoon
6
Q
When did the Indian government introduce economic liberalisation?
A
1991
7
Q
Containerisation and shipping developments
A
- Helped the trade of goods from India
- Can produce more sophisticated, valuable items
8
Q
BT outsourcing
A
- Outsourced call centres and customer support
- Indian graduates are paid £3000 a year (20% of what they pay in England) - cheaper workforce who are well-educated and can speak English fluently (10% of population = 100 million people)
- Communications technology like Skype can help BT hold business meeting without having to fly employees to India
9
Q
How much are Indian graduates paid at BT call centres?
A
£3000 (20% of what they pay in England)
10
Q
Why are TNC’s like BT attracted to Bangalore?
A
Indian governments offer reduced taxes
11
Q
Economic changes in India (sweatshops)
A
- After economic liberalisation in 1991, TNC’s were attracted to India
- By 2015 clothing was India’s largest manufacturing industry, employing 80 million people and earning $300 billion
- People are willing to work 100 hour weeks for an average of £35
- Minimum wage is 87% lower than in the UK
- 70% of garment workers are young women on low pay
12
Q
Growth of the economy since 1991
A
- Economy has grown by 7% since 1991
- Expected to have the 2nd biggest GDP in the world by 2050
- GDP has risen from $1150 to $5800
13
Q
Social changes
A
- Urban expansion (33% of population lived in urban areas in 2015)
- Rural-urban migration
- Women marry later (birth rate and fertility rate have fallen)
- Life expectancy has increased by 8 years
- Average number of school years has increased from 2.8 in 1991 to 12 in 2011
- Adult literacy rate has increased from 50% in 1991 to 72% in 2011
14
Q
How many people live in slums?
A
40 million
15
Q
Environmental changes
A
- Air pollution reduces life expectancy by 3 years
- Delhi is the most polluted river in India
- 275 rivers polluted with sewage
- 25% of India experiencing desertification
- 3rd largest emitter of carbon dioxide
