GRAM POS BACILLI Flashcards
Non-spore forming
Non-branching
Catalase Positive bacilli
Corynebacterium
Rothia
Listeria
Non-spore forming
Non-branching
Catalase negative bacilli
Gardnerella
Arcanobacterium
Lactobacillus
Erysipelothrix
Kurthia
Non-spore forming
Branching
Aerobic Actinomycetes
Nocardia
Other Actinomycetes
Spore-forming
Gram positive bacilli
Bacillus
Clostridia
Obligate aerobes, non-bulging spores
Bacillus
Obligate anaerobes, bulging spores
Clostridia
Morphology
Club shaped or coryneform like
Small pleomorphic rods
Diphtheria-like
Chinese lettering
Palisade arrangement
Corynebacteria
Corynebacterium glucose and maltose fermenters, except:
C. urealyticum
C. pseudodiphtheriticum
Toxin of C. diphtheriae
Diphtheria Toxin
Respiratory Diphtheria
exudative membrane is aka?
Pseudomembrane (gray white)
Bull Neck Appearance
Respiratory Diphtheria
DOC for C. diphtheriae
Penicillin
Erythromycin (best)
V or L shapes morphology
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Metachromatic granules of C. diphtheriae when stained with Loeffler’s Methylene Blue
Babes-Ernst granules/Volutin granules
Media to be used for cultivation of diphtheria bacillus
Modified Tinsdale Agar
Cystine-Tellurite Blood Agar
Leoffler’s Serum Agar
Growth in Loeffler’s Serum Agar (Pai Agars)
6-8 hrs incubation
DISTINCT YELLOW TINT
*serum slant no longer recommended
CTBA growth
Black to Brownish colonies: reduction of tellurite to tellurium
Gray to Black colonies: media is differential
Brown Halo: breaking down of cystine (cystinase activity)
Positive for CTBA, brown halo
C. diphtheriae
C. ulcerans
C. pseudotuberculosis
Modified Tinsdale Agar growth
Tinsdale halo: brown colored (organism used tellurite to produce H2S)
Tests for Toxigenicity of C. diphtheriae
In-Vivo Test: guinea pig, rarely done
In-Vitro Test: immunodiffusion test by Elek
Filter paper strip impregnated with diphtheria antitoxin
Elek plate
Pos result for In-Vitro Test by Elek
Fine precipitin lines at 45 degree angle to the streaks (strain produced toxin)
Intradermal Test to find the immune status of person who received vaccine for C. diphtheriae
Schick Test
Principle: Toxin Antitoxin Neutralization
Positive result for Schick Test
Eythema and Swelling after 24 to 36 hours
(individual is susceptible)
Other medically important Corynebacteria are called:
Diphtheroid (non-diphtheria Corynebacteria)
Formerly CDC Group JK
C. jeikeium
- named after Johnson and Kaye
- DOC: Vancomycin
Formerly CDC Group D-2
C. urealyticum
Has metachromatic granules and does not ferment sucrose like C. diphtheriae
C. xerosis
veterinary pathogen causing mastitis in CATTLES
C. ulcerans
vet pathogen producing dermonecrotic toxin causing lymphadenitis in SHEEP
C. pseudotuberculosis
C. diphtheriae, ulcerans, and pseudotuberculosis have POSITIVE CTBA, differentiate them.
C. diphtheriae is UREASE NEGATIVE
C. ulcerans and C. tuberculosis are UREASE POSITIVE
Also known as Hoffman’s Bacillus
Does not show pleomorphic morphology
C. pseudodiphtheriticum
Produces yellowish green soluble pigment
C. striatum
Undesignated CDC Coryneform Groups
CDC Group G
Immunization sched for DPT
6th week
10th week
14th week
Boosters: (2)
16-24th months
5 years
Found in saliva and supragingival plague
Rothia dentocariosa
R. dentocariosa in BROTH and SOLID MEDIA
Broth: coccoid and bacilli
Solid Media: branched filaments
Biochem tests for R. dentocariosa
Nitrate P
Esculin Hydrolysis P
Urease N
Listeria are motile at what temp
25 degree C
Only pathogenic Listeria
L. monocytogenes
Virulence Factors of Listeria and their functions (4)
HIAP
- Hemolysin (Listeriolysin O)
- major
- survival within pathocytes - Internalin
- cell surface protein
- induces phagocytosis - Act A
- induces actin polymerization
- cell to cell spread - Phospholipases
- escape from WBCs
Listeriosis in pregnant women is at what trimester
3rd
Tumbling motility, end over end
L. monocytogenes
Listeria monocytogenes growth pattern in SIM medium at 22-25C overnight
Umbrella Pattern Growth
Differentiates L. monocytogenes from other beta-hemolytic listeria species
CAMP Test
what bacteria is used in CAMP Test for L. monocytogenes
Rhodococcus equi
Pos res for CAMP Test for L. monocytogenes
Block pattern type of hemolysis
(+) L. monocytogenes
Differentiation of pathogenic Listeria species from the nonpathogenic ones
ID is based on enzyme phospholipases activity
New Oxoid Chromogenic Listeria Agar
Pos res for NOCLA
Turquoise colonies with halo
(+) L. monocytogenes
Differentiate L. monocytogenes and Corynebacterium spp.
Catalase Test
Esculin Hydrolysis
Motility
CAMP Test
6.5% NaCl
L. monocytogenes: +++++
Corynebacteria: +-VVV
Only considered human pathogenic Erysipelothrix
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Erysipelothrix: red skin, thread
Rhusiopathiae: red disease
Localized infection usually in the hands or fingers
Resembles streptococcal erysipelas
Self limiting
Erysipeloid
Differentiates Erysipelothrix from Lactobacillus Listeria Kurthia
H2S POSITIVE
Differentiate E. rhusiopathiae from E. tonsillarum
E. rhusiopathiae: SUCROSE NEGATIVE
morphology of E. rhusiopathiae in GELATIN STAB
Test-tube brush appearance at 22C
E. rhusiopathiae is susceptible to:
Penicillin
Erythromycin
Cephalosporin
Clindamycin
Kurthia benssonnii may appear ___ in cultures more than 3 days old
Coccoid cells
Describe Kurthia benssonnii
Motile by peritrichous flagella
Non hemolytic colonies
Oxidase NEGATIVE
3 significant spp of Arcanobacterium
Happy Birthday (Ha Py Ber-diae)
A. haemolyticum
A. pyogenes
A. bernardiae
Recovered from 10-20 yo patients with pharyngitis
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
Pleomorphic, GP rods, RUDIMENTARY BRANCHING
Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
These are observed when the colony of Arcanobacterium haemolyticum is SCRAPED
Black Opaque Dots (pitting of the agar)
The CAMP Test for Arcanobacterium haemolyticum uses ______
Group B Streptococcus (S. agalactiae)
*CAMP Test for Group B Strep: S. aureus
*CAMP Test for L. monocytogenes: Rhodococcus equi
Created to accommodate non beta hemolytic lancefield group N strep
Genus Lactococcus
Important for maintaining proper pH balance in vaginal secretions
Aerotolerant anaerobe, non motile
Low pathogenicity, probiotic bacteria
Lactobacillus
Growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus on 5% SBA
Pinpoint, Alpha hemolytic (resembling Strep)
Rough gray colonies
Lactobacillus acidophilus grow at what pH
3-4
Lactobacillus acidophilus ferments:
MSG Vetsin
Maltose
Sucrose
Glucose
Gram Positive but with THINNER PEPTIDOGLYCAN (significantly)
Gardnerella vaginalis
Disease: polymicrobial, normal lactobacilli in the vagina are replaced by high conc of bacteria
Lactobacilli are either absent or few
Bacterial Vaginosis
Gardnerella vaginalis increases the vaginal pH greater than _
4.5
One of the most common causes of vaginal discharge
Bacterial Vaginosis
Characterized by FOUL SMELLING, EXCESSIVE PURULENT VAGINAL DISCHARGE (MALODOROUS)
Bacterial Vaginosis
Characteristic finding of G. vaginalis
CLUE CELLS
Large squamous vaginal epithelial cell to which bacteria have attached
CLUE CELLS