STREPTOCOCCI

Question 1

What is the GRAM CLASSIFICATION of Streptococci? Is it the same with Staphylococci?

Answer 1

Gram Positive, same with Staphylococci

Question 2

What is the CATALASE RESULT of Streptococci? Is it the same with Staphylococci?

Answer 2

Catalase NEGATIVE. Staphylococci are catalase POSITIVE.

Question 3

What is the OXIDASE RESULT of Streptococci? Is it the same with Staphylococci?

Answer 3

Oxidase NEGATIVE, same with Staphylococci.

Question 4

Describe Streptococci in terms of KINGDOM, ORDER, FAMILY, GRAM CLASSIFICATION, CATALASE RESULT, and OXIDASE RESULT

Answer 4

Kingdom: Prokaryote/Monera
Order: Lactobacillales
Family: Streptococcaceae
Gram: POSITIVE
Catalase: NEGATIVE
Oxidase: NEGATIVE

Question 5

What is the arrangement and morphology of Streptococci?

Answer 5

Chains/Clusters, Spherical

Question 6

What are the three genera of Family Streptococcaceae?

Answer 6

Streptococcus
Enterococcus
Lactococcus

Question 7

Previously known as Group D Streptococci

Answer 7

Enterococcus

Question 8

Previously known as Group N Streptococci

Answer 8

Lactococcus

Question 9

Describe Streptococci based on motility.

Answer 9

Non-motile

Question 10

Streptococci are not difficult to kill because they don’t have spores. Therefore, Streptococci are described as?

Answer 10

Non-spore former

Question 11

Size of Streptococci

Answer 11

0.5 to 2.0 um (micrometer)

Question 12

Young cultures of Streptococci have ______

Answer 12

Capsules

Question 13

Streptococci are (positive/negative) in gas production

Answer 13

Negative

Question 14

Streptococci can/cannot ferment carbohydrates

Answer 14

Carbohydrate fermenters

Question 15

Choices: BAP, NAP

Growth of Streptococci is more pronounced on ____ and poor on ____

Answer 15

Pronounced: BAP
Poor: NAP

Question 16

The growth of Streptococci is enhanced by blood, therefore, they are _____ and grow best in _____ medium

Answer 16

Fastidious, BAP

Question 17

Describe the culture of Streptococci.

Answer 17

Grayish
Pinpoint
Translucent to Slightly Opaque
Mucoid
Small and somewhat transparent

Question 18

What are the hemolytic patterns of Streptococci?

Answer 18

Alpha (partial)
Beta (complete)
Gamma (non-hemolytic)

Question 19

Streptococci may grow with or without the presence of Oxygen, therefore, they are _____

Answer 19

Facultative ANAEROBE

Question 20

Streptococci are FACULTATIVE ANAEROBE, except _________.

Answer 20

Peptostreptococci

Question 21

Describe Peptostreptococci

Answer 21

Obligate ANAEROBE, there must be NO oxygen for them to grow

Question 22

Some species of Streptococci are _____ because they require increased concentration of CO2

Answer 22

Capnophilic

Question 23

The cell wall of Streptococci is composed of thick layer of __________ and _________ layer

Answer 23

Peptidoglycan
Teichoic acid

Question 24

Most Streptococci, except for most members of ____________, have a common ____________, a polysaccharide, on their cell walls that is used to classify Streptococci serologically. This classification scheme was developed by _______________ in 1930s (1933).

Answer 24

Viridans Group
Antigenic C Carbohydrate
Rebecca Lancefield

Question 25

Classification scheme based on: 1. Type and Patern of Hemolysis 2. Physiologic divisions 3. Antigenic properties 4. Hemolytic pattern and temperature growth

Answer 25

1. Brown's Classification of Hemolysis 2. Sherman's Classification 3. Lancefield Antigen Grouping 4. Bergey's Classification

Question 26

BROWN'S CLASSIFICATION OF HEMOLYSIS 1. Brown's Classification is developed by _______ in 1919. 2. The sources of blood are ____, ______, ______, _____. 3. The most used blood is _______. 4. What are the 4 classifications under this?

Answer 26

1. J.H. Brown 2. Sheep, Horse, Rabbit, Human 3. Sheep Blood *Traditional mixture: 5% sheep's blood agar with trypticase soy agar 4. Alpha, beta, gamma, alpha prime

Question 27

BROWN'S CLASSIFICATION OF HEMOLYSIS 1. Describe alpha hemolysis 2. What are the two hemolysins that can cause alpha hemolysis? 3. Alpha hemolysis is a reduction of _______ 4. What pigment color is produced around the colony?

Answer 27

1. Incomplete/Partial hemolysis 2. Streptolysin S and Streptolysin O 3. Hemoglobin 4. Green

Question 28

BROWN'S CLASSIFICATION OF HEMOLYSIS 1. Describe beta hemolysis 2. In here, there is ______ area/zone around the bacterial growth

Answer 28

1. Complete hemolysis of RBC 2. Clear

Question 29

BROWN'S CLASSIFICATION OF HEMOLYSIS 1. Describe gamma hemolysis 2. Is there a change in agar?

Answer 29

1. Non-hemolytic/Lack of hemolysis 2. None

Question 30

BROWN'S CLASSIFICATION OF HEMOLYSIS 1. Describe alpha prime hemolysis 2. It is also known as ______. 3. What specific hemolysis surrounds the colony? 4. What specific hemolysis surrounds the hemolysis around the colony? 5. Describe the zone of the two hemolysis

Answer 30

1. Both alpha and beta hemolysis are present 2. Wide zone 3. Alpha hemolysis 4. Beta hemolysis 5. Small zone

Question 31

SHERMAN'S CLASSIFICATION 1. Sherman's Classification is based on these 3 factors. 2. What are the four physiologic divisions under this classification?

Answer 31

1. Hemolytic reactions Carbohydrate antigens Phenotype tests 2. Pyogenic, Viridans, Lactococcus, Enterococcus

Question 32

SHERMAN'S CLASSIFICATION 1. ________ division includes the _______ hemolytic strains 2. What are the strains in q1?

Answer 32

1. Pyogenic, Beta 2. A, B, C, D, E, F, G

Question 33

SHERMAN'S CLASSIFICATION 1. ______ classification includes Streptococci spp. that are not ____-tolerant 2. This classification can't grow at what range of temperature?

Answer 33

1. Viridans, Salt 2. 10-45°C

Question 34

SHERMAN'S CLASSIFICATION 1. This division is NOT clinically significant. 2. This division is associated with what industry?

Answer 34

1. Lactococci 2. Dairy

Question 35

LANCEFIELD'S CLASSIFICATION 1. What are the first 5 groups? 2. What are the clinically significant groups? 3. Organisms are placed in ________ and are heated for ______ minutes to extract C Carbohydrates 4. This carbohydrate forms the basis of serologic groupings (Groups A-H, and K-U)

Answer 35

1. A, B, C, D, E 2. A, B, C, D, E, F, G, 3. Dilute acid, 10 4. C Carbohydrate

Question 36

BERGEY'S CLASSIFICATION (ACADEMIC) What are the 4 classifications under Bergey's Classification?

Answer 36

Pyogenic Viridans Enterococcus* Lactococcus

Question 37

BERGEY'S CLASSIFICATION (ACADEMIC) Pyogenic 1. They are mostly ___-hemolytic 2. They neither grow on ____°C nor ____°C, they can only grow at ____°C 3. Why do they only grow at the temperature in q2? 4. Pyogenic produces _____ and _____ 5. Give 1 example

Answer 37

1. Beta 2. 10, 45, 37 3. Because they mimic the body temp. 4. Pus, Diseases 5. Streptococcus pyogenes

Question 38

BERGEY'S CLASSIFICATION (ACADEMIC) Viridans 1. They are mostly ___-hemolytic or ____-hemolytic 2. Microbiota of __________________________ 3. Grow at ____°C and ____°C, but not at ____°C 4. Give 1 example

Answer 38

1. Alpha, Non 2. Upper Respiratory Tract (URT) 3. 37, 45, 10 4. Enterococcus faecalis

Question 39

BERGEY'S CLASSIFICATION (ACADEMIC) Enterococcus* 1. Microbiota of _______________ 2. Grow at _______°C temperatures

Answer 39

1. Human intestines 2. 10, 37, 45

Question 40

BERGEY'S CLASSIFICATION (ACADEMIC) Lactococcus 1. Mostly _____-hemolytic with Group ____ antigens 2. Found in _______ products 3. Can grow at ___°C and ____°C 4. Give 1 example 5. This specie under Lactococcus causes the souring of milk

Answer 40

1. Non, N 2. Dairy 3. 10, 37 4. Streptococcus lactis 5. Streptococcus lactis

Question 41

Streptococcus pyogenes is under what Lancefield Classification?

Answer 41

Group A

Question 42

Streptococcus pyogenes is also known as ___________ bacteria and ____________ bacteria

Answer 42

Fever-inducing, Flesh-eating

Question 43

Streptococcus pyogenes is a normal/not normal flora

Answer 43

not a normal flora

Question 44

Describe the colony of Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 44

Smooth, glossy, round, mucoid

Question 45

Why is the colony of S. pyogenes mucoid?

Answer 45

Because of the presence of M (emm) protein

Question 46

The presence of __________ is an indicator of increased virulence of S. pyogenes

Answer 46

M (emm) protein (hairlike projections)

Question 47

There are more than _____ types of M Proteins exist

Answer 47

>200 (M1, M2...)

Question 48

T/F. Cell wall structure of S. pyogenes is similar to that of other Streptococcus spp. and Gram+ bacteria

Answer 48

True

Question 49

What are the three associated clinical manifestations with S. pyogenes

Answer 49

bacterial pharyngitis, skin infections, complications such as rheumatic heart disease and acute glomerulonephritis

Question 50

Mode of transmission of S. pyogenes

Answer 50

Direct person to person Indirect in aerosol droplets from coughing or sneezing

Question 51

Streptococcus pyogenes 1. Best defined virulence factor of S. pyogenes, encoded by _________ 2. Your answer in q1 contains ________ 3. Your answer in q1 is a surface protein found in _________ strains of S. pyogenes 4. Function of your answer in q1

Answer 51

1. M (emm) Protein, gene emm 2. Hyaluronic acid 3. Encapsulated 4. Prevents phagocytosis to survive within the host

Question 52

What are the 6 virulence factors of Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 52

1. Protein M (emm) 2. Protein F (Fibronectin-binding protein) 3. Lipoteichoic acid 4. Hyaluronic Acid capsule 5. Hemolysins 6. Toxins and Enzymes

Question 53

This virulence factor of S. pyogenes mediates epithelial cell attachment

Answer 53

Protein F (Fibronectin-binding protein)