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Tuscany Flashcards

1
Q

Tuscany lies on this coast.

A

Tyrrhenian Coast

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2
Q

Tuscany lies to the west of what mountain range?

A

The Apennine Mountains

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3
Q

What is a fiasco?

A

A straw-covered Chianti bottle.

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4
Q

Who released the first commercial vintage of Sassicaia? When?

A

Marquis Mario Rocchetta in 1968

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5
Q

Who released the first commercial vintage of Tignanello? When?

A

Piero Antinori (nephew of Marquis Mario Rocchetta)
1971

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6
Q

What are the DOCGs of Tuscany from North to South?

A

Carmignano
Vernaccia de San Gimignano
Chianti DOCG
Chianti Classico DOCG
Suvereto
Val di Cornia Rosso
Elba Aleatico Passito
Brunello di Montalcino
Montecucco Sangiovese
Vino Nobile de Montepulciano
Morellino de Scansano

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7
Q

How many DOCG in Tuscany?

A

11

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8
Q

What is the climate of Tuscany?

A

dry, Mediterranean
winters can harsh and summers can be long and hot

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9
Q

What is the difference in climate between Montalcino and Montepulciano?

A

Montalcino is more arid
Montepulciano more continental

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10
Q

What is the Sangiovese clone of Brunello di Montalcino?

A

Sangiovese Grosso

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11
Q

What is the Sangiovese clone of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?

A

Prugnolo Gentile

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12
Q

What are the two main types of Sangiovese?

A

Sangiovese Grosso: large berried, including Prugnolo and Brunello
Sangioveto: small berried, seen in Chianti

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13
Q

What is Italy’s most planted white grape?

A

Trebbiano Toscano

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14
Q

What are the seven subzones of Chianti from North to South?

A

Montalbano
Colline Pisane
Rufina
Colli Fiorentini
Montespertoli was added in a 1997 decree
Colli Aretini
Colli Senesi

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15
Q

What is the single-estate sub-appellation in Maremma?

A

Bolgheri Sassicaia DOC, in the town of Castagneto Carducci
Min 80% Cab Sauv, plus.
2 years aging, 18mos in 225 liter barriques

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16
Q

Encepagement of white Bolgheri DOC

A

maximum 70% Vermentino
maximum 40% Sauvignon
maximum 40% Trebbiano Toscano
maximum 30% other white grapes suitable for cultivation in Toscana

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17
Q

Red grapes of Tuscany

A

Sangiovese
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Syrah
Colorino
Canaiolo Nero

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18
Q

White grapes of Tuscany

A

Trebbiano Toscana
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc
Malvasia
Vernaccia
Vermentino

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19
Q

What are the subzones of Chianti that are coastal?

A

Colline Pisane

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20
Q

Who are the two producers of Pomino DOC?

A

Fattoria Selvapiani
Frescobaldi

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21
Q

Pomino DOC is located within what subzone of Chianti? What is it?

A

Rufina
-Authorizes both reds and whites. Reds are >50% Sangiovese plus Pinot Nero and Merlot, and varietal bottlings are permitted (at 85%).

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22
Q

Who defined the classic blend of Chianti?

A

Who is Baron Bettino Ricasoli?

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23
Q

Encepagement of Chianti

A

70-100% Sangiovese
Maximum 30% combined other grapes authorized for Toscana
Maximum 10% white grapes (Trebbiano Toscana and Malvasia)
Maximum 15% combined Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc

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24
Q

Encepagement of Chianti Colli Senesi

A

75-100% Sangiovese
Maximum 25% combined other red grapes authorized for Toscana
Maximum 10% combined Trebbiano Toscano and Malvasia del Chianti until 2015 vintage
Maximum 10% combined Cabernet Sauvignon and Cabernet Franc

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25
Q

What is governo?

A

refermentation with the juice of dried grapes
strengthens the wine and initiates malolactic fermentation-legal

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26
Q

Communes of production in Chianti Classico

A

Siena: Poggibonsi, Castellina in Chianti, Radda in Chianti, Gaiole in Chianti, Castelnuovo Berardenga,
Firenze: San Casciano Val di Pesa, Greve in Chianti, Barberino Tavarnelle

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27
Q

What are the four original villages of Chianti Classico?

A

Greve
Castellina
Radda
Gaiole

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28
Q

Principal soil types of Chianti Classico.

A

Galestro (schist): soft, friable, marl-like, schistic clay (Sangiovese thrives here)
Alberese: harder marlstone/sandstone analogous to limestone
Macigno: grayish-blue sandstone
Calcareous tufa

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29
Q

Minimum alcohol Chianti/Riserva/Superiore

A

11.5%/12%/12%
subzones superiore: 12.5%

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30
Q

Minimum alcohol Chianti Classico/Riserva/Gran Selezione

A

12%/12.5%/13%

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31
Q

Encepagement of Chianti Classico

A

80-100% Sangiovese
Maximum 20% other red grapes authorized by Siena and Firenze (i.e. Colorino, Canaiolo Nero, Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot)
As of the 2006 vintage, Trebbiano Toscano and Malvasia Bianco are no longer allowed

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32
Q

Who invented the style of Brunello di Montalcino?

A

Clemente Santi of Tenuta Greppa’s Biondi Santi - first producer to isolate the Brunello clone and bottle it.

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33
Q

Soil of Montalcino

A

Galestro (schist) in higher elevation vineyards
Clay in warmer southern areas of the zone
Fossilized marine deposits scattered throughout

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34
Q

What are the fraziones (sub-communes) of Montalcino?

A

Montalcino: central, high elevation (300-400M), cooler
Sant Angelo in Colle: south-central, high elevation (444M), calcareous soils
Castelnuovo Abate: Southeast, protect from the hot mediterranean wind by a mountainous ridge, calcareous marl with shale
Torrenieri: north east, high elevation, heavy clay

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35
Q

What is Sant’Angelo?

A

The larger area made up of Sant’Angelo in Colle (tiny, high elevation) and Sant’Angelo Scalo (southern, hot, dry, flat, sprawling).
35-40% of production comes from Sant’Angelo, Scalo in particular is home to Banfi, Il Poggione, Argiano, Col d’Orcia.

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36
Q

Why is brunello production in Torrenieri controversial?

A

The heavy clay soils are considered unsuitable for quality production; it was originally included only because it falls with the Montalcino municipality. Called the Crete Senesi, until the 1990’s nothing was planted there; similar soils in the chianti classico zone have been excluded from the DOCG boundaries.

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37
Q

What delimits the Brunello di Montalcino DOCG?

A

3 rivers: Ombrone, Asso, Orcia

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38
Q

Minimum alcohol of Brunello di Montalcino

A

12.5%

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39
Q

Minimum alcohol of Rosso di Montalcino

A

12%

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40
Q

Why was Sant’ Antimo DOC created?

A

To provide Montalcino producers an outlet for “Super-Tuscan” wines

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41
Q

What grapes are authorized for Sant’ Antimo DOC

A

Any grape authorized in Tuscany
Rosso/Rosso Novello:
Red varieties suitable for cultivation in Toscana
Bianco:
White varieties suitable for cultivation in Toscana
Vin Santo:
minimum 70% Trebbiano Toscano and/or Malvasia Bianca Lunga
maximum 30% other grapes suitable for cultivation in Toscana
Vin Santo Occhio di Pernice:
50% - 70% Sangiovese
30% - 50% Malvasia Nera
maximum 30% other red grapes suitable for cultivation in Toscana

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42
Q

Style and grape of Moscadello di Montalcino DOC

A

Tranquilo
Frizzante
Vendemia Tardiva (late harvest)
minimum 85% Moscato Bianco

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43
Q

Encepagement of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano

A

Minimum 70% Sangiovese (known locally as Prugnolo Gentile)
Maximum 30% combined other red and white authorized grapes of Tuscany (maximum 5% of non-aromatic white grapes and Malvasia Bianca Lunga)

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44
Q

Minimum alcohol of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano/Riserva

A

12.5%/13%

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45
Q

Encepagement of Morellino di Scansano DOCG

A

Minimum 85% Sangiovese (locally known as Morellino)
Maximum 15% other red varieties authorized by the province of Grosseto

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46
Q

What is sangiovese known as in Morellino di Scansano DOCG?

A

Morellino

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47
Q

Encepagement of Carmignano DOCG

A

minimum 50% Sangiovese
10-20% Cabernet Sauvignon and /or Cabernet Franc is required in the blend

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48
Q

Encepagement of Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG

A

Min. 40% Sangiovese
Max. 60% combined Merlot and Cabernet Sauvignon
Max. 20% other red grapes suitable for cultivation in Toscana
Aleatico not allowed

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49
Q

Encepagement of Suvereto DOCG

A

Suvereto Rosso: Cabernet Sauvignon and/or Merlot, plus a max. 15% other red grapes suitable for cultivation in Toscana
Varietal-Labeled Wines: Min. 85% of stated variety, plus a max. 15% other red grapes suitable for cultivation in Toscana

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50
Q

Suvereto was previously a subzone of what DOCG?

A

Rosso della Val di Cornia

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51
Q

What is the blend of Solaia?

A

75% Cab. S
20% Sangiovese
5% Cab. F

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52
Q

Who makes Solaia

A

The Antinori family who owns Tignanello

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53
Q

What is the blend of Tignanello?

A

75-85% Sangiovese
Cab. S & Cab. F

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54
Q

Who makes Tignanello?

A

The Antinori family

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55
Q

First vintage of Tignanello

A

1971

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56
Q

What is the blend of Ornellaia?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, and Petit Verdot

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57
Q

Who makes Ornellaia

A

Ornellaia
Ludovic Antinori - nephew of Marquis Mario Rocchetta
brother of Piero Antinori

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58
Q

Encepagement of Rosso di Montepulciano

A

minimum 70% Sangiovese (mostly Prugnolo Gentile)
maximum 30% other non-aromatic grapes (Malvasia Bianca Lunga excepted) suitable for cultivation in Toscana including a maximum 5% white grapes.

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59
Q

What is blend of Masseto?

A

100% Merlot

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60
Q

Who makes Masseto

A

Frescobaldi owns it but wine making team from Ornellaiai

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61
Q

What is the blend of Paleo Rosso

A

100% Cabernet Franc

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62
Q

Who makes Paleo Rosso

A

Le Macchiole

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63
Q

Name three producers and their wines who were the first to produce 100% Sangiovese “Super-Tuscans”

A

San Felice ‘Vigorello’ - 1968
Montevertine ‘Le Pergole Torte’ - 1977
Isole e Olena ‘Cepparello’ - 1980

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64
Q

Name four Sangiovese dominant Super Tuscans

A

Le Pergole Torte (Montevertine)
Cepparello (Isole e Olena)
I Sodi di San Niccolò (Castellare di Castellina)
Fontalloro (Felsina)
Flaccianello (Fontodi)
Il Carbonaione (Poggio Scalette)
Percarlo (San Giusto a Rentennano)
Anfiteatro (Vecchie Terre di Montefili)

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65
Q

What was the site of Napoleon’s exile in 1814

A

Isle of Elba

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66
Q

What is the style and grape of Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG

A

sweet red passito wines made from 100% Aleatico

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67
Q

Production requirements for Elba Aleatico Passitio DOCG

A

minimum 10 days of air drying and 30% sugar content

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68
Q

Aleatico is linked to this grape

A

Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains

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69
Q

Other than Italy, where else is Aleatico planted?

A

New South Wales

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70
Q

What is the only white wine in Italy to have DOCG status?

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano

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71
Q

Varieties of Vernaccia di San Gimignano

A

Vernaccia di San Gimignano
Maximum 15% other non-aromatic white grapes authorized in Tuscany (Malvasia and Traminer are not allowed, and Riesling and Sauvignon can make up, separately or jointly, a max. 10% of the wine)

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72
Q

Principal soils of Vernaccia de San Gimignano

A

sandy loam

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73
Q

What is the only dessert wine in Tuscany to reach DOCG status?

A

Elba Aleatico Passito DOCG

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74
Q

What are the grapes used to make Vin Santo

A

Trebbiano and Malvasia
Grechetto sometimes authorized

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75
Q

What does “Occhio di Pernice” mean?

A

rose version of Vin Santo
produced with a minimum of 50% Sangiovese added to the white grapes

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76
Q

How is Vin Santo made?

A

The grapes are hung from rafters to dry for a specified time set by each DOC
usually raisinated until Dec 1

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77
Q

What kind of barrels are used for the fermentation of Vin Santo?

A

Caratelli: 50-225L, in chestnut or oak

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78
Q

How long is Vin Santo aged?

A

3-8 years

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79
Q

What kind of wood is used to age Vin Santo?

A

Chestnut wood

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80
Q

What is fortified Vin Santo labeled as?

A

Liquoroso

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81
Q

What are the DOCs in Tuscany that allow the production of Vin Santo?

A

Vin Santo del Chianti Classico
Vin Santo del Chianti
Vin Santo del Carmignano
Vin Santo del Montepulciano
Vin Santo Sant’Antimo

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82
Q

Encepagement of Montecucco Sangiovese

A

Min. 90% Sangiovese
Max. 10% other grapes suitable for cultivation in Tuscany, with the exception of Malvasia Nera and Aleatico

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83
Q

How do the Apennines affect the climate in Chianti Chianti Ruffina?

A

allows maritime breezes to cool the vineyards
responsible for the finesse of Chianti Ruffina

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84
Q

What was the first DOC to include Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Carmignano

85
Q

What are potential hazards in Chianti Classico

A

underripeness, downy mildew, esca

86
Q

What is the elevation of Chianti Classico?

A

250-500 meters

87
Q

What is the first wine commune in Italy to adopt organic practices?

A

Panzano

88
Q

What is the mountain that lies south of Montalcino?

A

Monte Amiata

89
Q

What is the climate of Montalcino?

A

Warm, dry

90
Q

What does Monte Amiata do for the weather in Montalcino?

A

collects the summer storms that come in that direction

91
Q

elevation of Montalcino

A

150-500 meters

92
Q

What is Montosoli?

A

A hill of 280-350M north of the town of Montalcino, which is spared the autumnal fog of lower altitudes. Generally produces wines with the power and concentration of vineyards in the southern part of the appellation.

93
Q

Who made the first single-vineyard Brunello?

A

Altesino
‘Montosoli’ in 1975

94
Q

Major vine training in Montalcino

A

Spurred single cordon, to increase competition between vines and encourage smaller bunches with thicker skins.
Previously (1970’s/80’s) Guyot was popular, but created too much production/vigor and diluted the wines.

95
Q

What and when was “Brunellogate?” Who were the main firms involved?

A

A scandal involving the seizure of many bottles of Brunello by the Italian government under the allegations that other grapes were being blended into the wine; wines seized were the 2003 vintage, in 2008.
Antinori, Argiano, Banfi, Frescobaldi

96
Q

Who was responsible for pushing Brunello onto the world stage in the 1970’s?

A

John and Harry Mariani, founders of Villa Banfi (landed in Brunello in 1978)

97
Q

Who was the first to offer “futures” in Brunello?

A

Altesino

98
Q

What was revolutionary about the creation of the Rosso di Montalcino DOC?

A

First instance of two controlled appellations applying to the same vineyards (Brunello and Rosso), paving the way for Rosso di Valtellina, etc. Vineyards must be registered with the consorzio; you may declassify your brunello to rosso, but not vice versa.
DOC was established in 1983.

99
Q

Who developed the Chianti blend and when?

A

Baron Bettino Ricasoli 1872

100
Q

What is the largest winery in Chianti Classico? How long has the family been in the area?

A

Barone Ricasoli
Family has owned Castello di Brolio since 1141

101
Q

What Chianti producer was the first to bottle Chianti in Bordeaux-shaped bottles vs Fiasco?

A

Bettino Ricasoli began to use Bordeaux-shaped bottles for his Castello di Brolio wines to distinguish them as superior.

102
Q

Who made the first monovarietal Sangiovese Super Tuscan in Chianti Classico? When?

A

San Felice’s Vigorello
1968

103
Q

When did Chianti become a DOCG?

A

1984

104
Q

When did Chianti Classico separate from Chianti to become a DOCG?

A

1996

105
Q

When were white grape varieties prohibited from Chianti Classico?

A

2005

106
Q

When did Niccolò Antinori start blending Cabernet Sauvignon into his Tignanello and defaulting to the Vino da Tavola label?

A

1971

107
Q

Rufina has proximity to what river?

A

Sieve River - a tributary of the Arno River

108
Q

Who are the most recognizable producers from Rufino?

A

Selvapiana and Frescobaldi

109
Q

True or False. White Grapes are allowed in the Colli Senesi Subzone of Chianti?

A

False. As of the 2015 vintage, white grapes are prohibited.

110
Q

Minimum alcohol for Chianti, Chianti Superiore, and Chianti Riserva?

A

Chianti: 11.5%
Chianti Superiore: 12%
Chianti Riserva: 12%

111
Q

Minimum alcohol for Colli Aretini, Colli Pisane and Montalbano subzones? Colli Aretini, Colli Pisane, Montalbano riserva?

A

Normal: 11.5%
Riserva: 12.5%

112
Q

Minimum alcohol for Colli Fiorentini, Colli Senesi, Montespertoli, Rufina? Riserva?

A

Normal: 12%
Riserva: 12.5%
Colli Senesi Riserva: 13%

113
Q

What do the hills of the Chianti Classico region do for the climate?

A

They help blockade the region from some of the harsher eastern winds.

114
Q

What part of Chianti Classico is more exposed to the easter winds?

A

Southern end as it is flatter and more exposed (fewer hills to protect from the eastern winds).

115
Q

Where are the soils types Macigno and calcareous tufa found in Chianti Classico?

A

The south of Chianti Classico.

116
Q

What year were Chianti Classico producers allowed to label their Gran Selezione wines with ‘Unità geografiche aggiuntive (UGA)’?

A

2021

117
Q

What does Unitàgeografiche aggiuntive translate to?

A

Additional Geographical unit

118
Q

What are the UGAs?

A

They identify specific villages or communes in Chianti Classico with which Gran Selezione wines can be labeled.

119
Q

How many UGAs in Chianti Classico have been approved?

A

11

120
Q

Where do the highest elevation vineyards in Chianti Classico lie?

A

Radda - above 650 meters

121
Q

San Donato is formed by these two subzones of Chianti Classico.

A

Barberino Tavarnelle and Poggibonsi.

122
Q

Which direction does the valley run in San Casciano Val di Pesa?

A

North-South

123
Q

What three hamlets does Greve feature?

A

Lamole, Montefioralle, Panzano

124
Q

What is the Conca d’Oro?

A

A galestro-rich south-facing concave slope in Panzano in Greve.

125
Q

Which hamlet in Greve formed its own winegrowers association and why?

A

Panzano - to be recognized for its Conca d’Oro - galestro-rich south facing concave slope.

126
Q

Where is Castelvuovo Barardenga and what is the general climate, how are wines generally described?

A

On the Southern end of the chianti classico zone, warmer climate, recognized for their breadth and firm tannins.

127
Q

What is ideal vine density in Chianti Classico? What is the min required?

A

5,000-7,000 vines/ha
4,400 vines/ha

128
Q

Aging requirements of Chianti DOCG Chianti, Superiore, Riserva.

A

Chianti: Can’t be released until March 1 of year following harvest.
Superiore: Can’t be released until Sep 1 of year following harvest.
Riserva: Minimum 2 years aging from January 1 of year following harvest.

129
Q

Aging requirements of Chianti Classico, Riserva, Gran Selezione.

A

Chianti Classico: Can’t be released until October 1 of the year following harvest.
Riserva: Minimum 24 months aging from January 1 of the year following harvest, including 3 months in bottle
Gran Selezione: Minimum 30 months aging from January 1 of the year following harvest, including 3 months in bottle

130
Q

What are the 11 approved UGA in Chianti Classico?

A

Castellina, Castelnuovo Berardenga, Gaiole, Greve, Lamole, Montefioralle, Panzano, Radda, San Casciano, San Donato in Poggio, Vagliagi

131
Q

Requirements for Gran Selezione?

A

-30 month maturation period
-fruit must be estate grown or acquired through long time contracts
-harvested from a single vineyard or a selection of top parcels
-Min 90% Sangiovese

132
Q

Minimum grape requirement of Gran Selzione.

A

90% Sangiovese as of 2021

133
Q

Where is Slavonia oak from?

A

The Northern Balkan, or former Yugoslavian region, divided between several modern countries but most associated with Croatia.
Slavonia grows the species Quercus Robur, with Slavonian examples being especially compact and tightly grained.

134
Q

Who isolated the Sangiovese Grosso biotype?

A

Ferruccio Biondi Santi (grandson of Clemente Santi)

135
Q

Who is credited for inventing the Montalcino category?

A

Clemente Santi

136
Q

Who is responsible for permanently shaping winemaking in Montalcino and Tuscany as a whole?

A

Giulio Gambelli

137
Q

How does the climate and terrain of Montalcino compare to that of Chianti Classico?

A

Montalcino is more open and less forested, as well as warmer and more exposed to the moderating effects of the Mediterranean Sea.

138
Q

True of False: Montalcino is not susceptible to frost?

A

False - north of the Montalcino hill whose town reaches above 550 meters is susceptible to frost and has p

139
Q

Where are Montalcino’s oldest soils?

A

Closer to the town of Montalcino

140
Q

Soils of Brunello di Montalcino?

A

Clay and marine sediments at lower elevation.
Galestro at higher elevation.

141
Q

Aging requirements of Rosso di Montalcino DOC.

A

Can’t be released until September 1 of the year following harvest.

142
Q

Aging requirements of Brunello di Montalcino DOCG.

A

Minimum 2 years in wood plus 4 months in bottle, may not be sold before Jan 1 of the 5th year following the harvest.

143
Q

Aging requirements of Brunello di Montalcino Riserva DOCG

A

Minimum 2 years in wood plus 6 months in bottle, may not be sold before January 1 of the 6th year following harvest.

144
Q

What is the grape of Moscadello di Montalcino?

A

Moscadello - vinified from a clone of Moscato Bianco (Muscat Blanc à Petits Grains)

145
Q

Who is the only producer to currently make a sparkling Moscadello in Montalcino?

A

Il Poggione

146
Q

What was the final vintage of Biondi Santi’s Moscadello di Montalcino?

A

1969

147
Q

What is the clone of Sangiovese grown in Vino Nobile di Montepulciano?

A

Prugnolo Gentile

148
Q

Name four producers of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano.

A

Avignonesi
Poliziano
Gracciano della Seta
Il Macchione

149
Q

When did Vino Nobile di Montepulciano gain DOC and DOCG status?

A

DOC: 1966
DOCG: 1980

150
Q

What is the difference in climate between Montalcino and Montepulciano?

A

The temperature in Montepulciano is slightly lower and it has less of a maritime influence. It does receive higher rainfall.

151
Q

Montepulciano fits within the boundaries of this subzone of Chianti.

A

Chianti Colli Senesi

152
Q

Aging requirements of Rosso di Montepulciano DOC.

A

May not be released untli March 1 of the year following the harvest unless given special authorization.

153
Q

Aging requirements of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano DOCG

A

Minimum 2 years aging from January 1 of the year following the harvest, completed through any of the following methods:
-24 months in wood
-a minimum 18 months in wood plus 6 months in an alternative container
-a minimum 12 months in wood and a minimum 6 months in bottle, with the remainder in an alternative container

154
Q

Aging requirements of Vino Nobile di Montepulciano Riserva DOCG.

A

Minimum 3 years aging, including at least 6 months in bottle, from January 1 of the year following the harvest.

155
Q

Where do the origins of Vin Santo lie?

A

Middle Ages
There was a flood of passito style wines on the Italian Peninsula that followed the techniques’ rediscovery during the Crusades.

156
Q

What is a caretelli?

A

A small barrel 50 liters in size used to ferment and age vin santo.

157
Q

True or False: Volatile acidity is high in Vin Santo

A

True

158
Q

Where do Vin Santo sweetness levels hover?

A

250g/l

159
Q

When was Vernaccia di San Gimignano awarded DOC and DOCG status?

A

DOC: 1966
DOCG: 1993

160
Q

How does Vernaccia di San Gimignano made today differ to how it was made historically?

A

Historically was made sweet, today is made dry

161
Q

First vintage of Ornellaia

A

1985

162
Q

When did Angelo Gaja establish the winery Ca’ Marcanda in Tuscany?

A

1996

163
Q

When was Bolgheri Sassicaia named an official Bolgheri subzone?

A

1994

164
Q

When was Bolgheri Sassicaia elevated to its own monopole DOC?

A

2013

165
Q

What province is Bolgheri in?

A

Livorno

166
Q

What is a geographical feature of Bolgheri that protects it from harsh winter winds directed from the interior?

A

Colline Metallifere (Metalliferous Hills)

167
Q

What is the elevation of the Sassicaia vineyard?

A

400 meters

168
Q

What three bodies of water moderate breezes in Bolgheri and helps slow ripening?

A

The Tyrrhenian Sea, the Cecina River and the Cornia River.

169
Q

What is special about the soil of Tenuta San Guido?

A

It holds ancient marine deposits of rounded stones and is rich in limestone.

170
Q

What is special about the Masseto soil?

A

Blue clay, which, despite its high holding capacity, releases water slowly.

171
Q

True or False: There is no volcanic material found in Bolgheri.

A

False: portions of the area contain more volcanic material

172
Q

What is the soil of the flatter lands of Bolgheri?

A

Sandier structure and often reddish hue.

173
Q

What is the average vines per hectare in Bolgheri DOC?

A

7,000-10,000 vines per hecatare - similar to Bordeaux

174
Q

Does Val di Cornia DOC or Suvereto DOCG lie on higher ground?

A

Suvereto DOCG

175
Q

When did Rosso della Val di Cornia DOCG become its own DOCG?

A

2011

176
Q

Until when was Suvereto a subzone of Val Di Cornia?

A

2011

177
Q

What did Maremma used to be before Mussolini ordered its drainage? When did he order this?

A

Swampland
1930s

178
Q

What is the terrain of Maremma DOC?

A

varied, flatter, clay-dominant coastal areas, to the Volsini mountain range and its surrounding tufacious soils, to Mount Amiata, a lava dome further inland

179
Q

What is Ansonica?

A

A white grape variety native to Tuscany, Maremma specifically.

180
Q

What DOCG dominates the southern Maremma?

A

Morellino di Scansano DOCG

181
Q

What is the most famous wine from Morellino di Scansano DOCG?

A

Fattoria Le Pupille’s Safreddi, an IGT blend of Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot

182
Q

What is another name for Arsonica and where is it grown?

A

Inzolia in Sicily

183
Q

When did Carmignano DOCG become a DOCG?

A

1990

184
Q

Who is responsible for Carmignano’s elevation to DOCG?

A

Ugo Contini Bonacossi of Capezzana

185
Q

Who planted his vineyard to Cabernet Sauvignon cuttings from Chateau Lafite Rothschild in Carmignano DOCG?

A

Uog Contini Bonacossi

186
Q

Who commanded vines planted in Carmignano DOCG?

A

Catherine de Medici, Queen of France in the 16th Century.

187
Q

Grape variety of Cortona DOC

A

minimum 50% - 60% Syrah
minimum 10% - 20% Merlot
maximum 30% other, non aromatic, red grapes suitable for cultivation in Toscana

188
Q

Cortona DOC has climatic similarties to this region in France

A

Rhone Valley

189
Q

Who brought vine material back from France to plant in Cortona DOC?

A

Count of Montecarlo di Luca

190
Q

Who planted an experimental vineyard in Cortona of Syrah in the 1970s

A

Professor Attilio Scienza

191
Q

What is the island off the coast of Tuscany near Bolgheri known for passito wines?

A

Elba

192
Q

In what other regions of Italy is Aleatico grown? What is it called in those regions?

A

Lazio (Aleatico di Gradoli)
Marche (Pergola)
Puglia (Aleatico di Puglia)

193
Q

What is the flagship of Gaja’s Ca’Marcanda? What is the inaugural vintage?

A

Ca’Marcanda
Inaugural vintage - 2000

194
Q

Where is La Torre located? From what family was this winery purcahsed?

A

Brunello di Montalcino
Purchased from the Ciacci family

195
Q

Where is this winery located?

A

Brunello di Montalcino

196
Q

Name the producer of this wine.

A

Silvio Nardi
-Manachiara is the top bottling from 50 year old vines in the Manachiara vineyard

197
Q

What are Mastrojanni’s two single vineyard bottlings?

A

Schiena d’Asino and Vigna Loreto

198
Q

Who purchased Mastrojanni?

A

Gruppo Illy

199
Q

Who purchased Altesino and when?

A

Carpazo
2002

200
Q

Name the producer

A

Il Paradiso di Manfredi

201
Q

What are the grape varieties of this wine?

A

Sangiovese and Cabernet Sauvignon

202
Q

What is the “Sangiovese Per Amico”?

A

An initiative, seceding from the local Consorzio and encouraging “the rigorous observance of production rules, in addition to the enhancement and promotion of the Sangiovese grape variety.

203
Q

Who launched the “Sangiovese Per Amico”?

A

Caroline Pobitzer from Pian dell’Orino and Francesco Leanza (Podere Salicutti)

204
Q

Where is Pian dell’Orino located?

A

Brunello di Montalcino

205
Q

Who was the first producer in Montalcino to be certified organic in 1996?

A

Francesco Leanza of Podere Salicutti

206
Q

Who makes this wine?

A

Talenti

207
Q

What is the eastern most site in Brunello? Who owns this vineyard?

A

Vigna del Fiore
Fattoria dei Barbi

208
Q

What are Fattoria dei Barbi’s top wines produced?

A

Brunello di Montalcino: a.k.a. “Blue Label”:
-aged for a few months in barriques followed by two years in Slavonian oak casks, then four months in bottle
Brunello di Montalcino Vigna del Fiore: a.k.a. “White Label”: -made only in excellent vintages from the best third of grapes in the Podere del Fiore vineyards; aging is the same as the Blue Label
Brunello di Montalcino Riserva: a.k.a. “Red Label”: —-made only in the best years and from a selection of grapes; aged for a few months in barriques followed by three years in Slavonian oak casks, then six months in bottle

w italy - central (7 decks)

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