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W Germany > German History > Flashcards

German History Flashcards

1
Q

Who introduced the vine in the Rheingau?

A

The Romans

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2
Q

Who was responsible in the Rheingau for the growth of winemaking and causing wine growing to dominate the area?

A

The Church

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3
Q

When did the Benedictines arrive in the Rheingau?

A

Early 12th Century

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4
Q

When did the Cistercians arrive from Burgundy to the Rheingau?

A

1136

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5
Q

What did the Cistercians do for Rheingau that they did for Burgundy?

A

Created a massive network of vineyards.

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6
Q

What is the famous winery that the Cistercians created in the Rheingau? And when?

A

Schloss Johanisburg
-early 12th Century

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7
Q

When do the monks start cultivating riesling in the Rheingau?

A

1435

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8
Q

What happened to the Church and its landholding in the Rheingau at the beginning of the 19th Century?

A

The Church lost a lot of its land due to the secularization instigated by Napoleon.

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9
Q

By whom and when was Kabinett defined and when?

A

Kloster Eberlbach in 1712

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10
Q

When was the first planned Spatelese harvest of botyritis fruit and by whom?

A

Schloss Johannisberg in 1775

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11
Q

Who were the first producers from the Rheingau to produce glass bottles in Germany and when?

A

Schloss Schonborn and Schloss Johannisberg in the early 1700s.

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12
Q

Who is the largest single wine producer in Germany?

A

Hessen State Winery
-Located in the Rheingau

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13
Q

Who owns Eberback Abbey and its famous walled Steinberg domaine?

A

Hessen State Winery

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14
Q

How much did the vinification of dry wine increase from 1985 to 2015?

A

16 to 46%

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15
Q

When did Vitis Vinifera arrive in Germany?

A

With the Romans whose legionnaires crossed the Alps over 2,000 years ago and extended their eastern frontier to the Rhine River.

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16
Q

Who introduced the cultivation of Riesling and Pinot Noir in Germany?

A

The Cistercians

17
Q

Why did the amount of vines shrink in Germany between the 16th and 17th Centuries?

A

-War
-A suddenly cooling climate
-Social and religious upheavals of the day

18
Q

What happened to vineyard ownership in Germany after the French Revolution? What did this inspire?

A

-Vineyard ownership moved to the private sector
-This inspired liquidation of church holdings in Germany by the early 180ss

19
Q

What is Hock?

A

Wines that were arriving in London to indicate wines from the Middle Rhine
-Rare, noble sweet wines
-Were fetching greater prices than the best reds of Bordeaux

20
Q

Why did new grape crossings spread throughout Germany by the mid 20th Century?

A

-American-born grapevine diseases
-Annual struggle with a cold climate
-Spurred interest in viticultural science and the development of hardy new varieties like Müller-Thurgua

21
Q

When did phylloxera spread in Germany?

A

After the First World War

22
Q

Why did the aristocratic wine estates enter a period of decline in Germany?

A

-Abdication of Kaiser Wilhelm II in 1918
-Subsequent loss of political privilege for the German nobility

23
Q

Why did exports plummet after WWI in Germany?

A

The French and British boycotted German products, including Hock.

24
Q

Why was Germany not able to export to the US and Russia in between WWII and WWII?

A

Russian Revolution
Prohibition in America

25
Q

How did WWII affect Germany in relation to wine?

A

-Nazis drove out the Jews who accounted for 60-70% of the wine merchant trade
-Ended wine auctions that had long been a primary sales mechanism for quality wines
-Workers died and vineyards were bombed
-At the end of the war, international boycotts started
-Country split in two
-German vineyard had shrunk to fewer than 50,000 hectares of vines

26
Q

When did the German agricultural sector rebound?

A

1950s

27
Q

What developments happened in the 1950s in Germany?

A

-New grape crossings
-New winery technologies took hold
-Electricity appeared in cellars

28
Q

What is Liebraumilch?

A

Sweet wine that Germany became known for?

29
Q

What is Blue Nun brand?

A

-A wine company launched by H. Sichel Söhne
-A Liebraumilch
-Created by a Jewish Merchant family who fled the Nazis in 1938 and returned at the end of the war

30
Q

What does land consolidation translate to in German?

A

Flurbereinigung

31
Q

How were the vineyards consolidated in Germany with Flurbereinigung?

A

Consolidated parcels of land divided by successive generations of inheritance and physically restructured vineyards

32
Q

How did Flurbereinigung affect vineyards in Germany?

A

-Rearranged steep and inaccessible vineyards
-workers could employ machines and increase production
-eliminated many of the centuries-old terraces critical to winegrowing on some of Germany’s most vertical slopes

W Germany (15 decks)

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