Surface Water

Question 1

surface water models
- inputs
- outputs

Answer 1

Aim: capture surface runoff and river flow

Inputs:
- sun light
- precipitation
- cloud cover
- water vapour

Outputs:
- ET
- river discharge
- runoff
- GW

Question 2

model classifications

Answer 2

Spatial:
- lumped = inputs averaged over the whole catchment and 1 set of outputs
- distributed = Quasi-continuous representation of the catchment with quasi-continuous inputs and outputs
- semi-distributed = catchment partitioned, each with inputs and outputs

Time:
- event-based = specific storm conditions
- continuous

Complexity:
- empirical = statistical relations
- conceptual = processes simplified with empirical equations
- physics based = processes represented by well established physical concepts such as mass balance

Question 3

budykos curve

Answer 3

used to get runoff ratio, Q/P, by focusing on ET/P

for ET/P
- energy limit
- water limit
this gives the theoretical line

curve based on experimental data which tends to the theoretical line

Question 4

storm flow

Answer 4

part of rain even that immediately appears in the flow

Question 5

runoff
- aka
- definitions

Answer 5

effective rainfall

definitions
- [weird Y] index = limit
- proportional
- Hortons method?
- SCS curve, S returned in inches, needs to be turned to mm
- Hydrograph, varied shapes based on the location of storm event and the direction of its motion

Question 6

model building stages

Answer 6

• ID physical processes
• define equations based on reasonable assumptions
• solve using numerical methods, based on state evolution f (state, parameters, forcing inputs)

Question 7

model definition

Answer 7

• what to model
• conceptualize = system abstraction
• model formulation
• numerical solution