Chapter 8 - American pioneers: James, Hall, Calkins, and Thorndike

Question 1

william james

Answer 1

professor a harvard who used a personal and individual approach in psychology

Question 1

pragmatism

Answer 1

developed by pierce, he said one should not look for truth in philosophy because it is very ambiguous, but rather should evaluate ideas on the basis of their usefulness

Question 2

“principles of psychology” by james

Answer 2

argued that the concept of human consciousness is more like a stream than a collection of separate ideas
- he included a chapter of habit and emotions

Question 3

emotions

Answer 3

according to james, emotions are the consequences rather than the cause of physiological effect associated with some emotion

Question 4

james-lange theory of emotion

Answer 4

states that an emotion-provoking stimulus first causes a bodily reaction, which then triggers an emotion

Question 5

recapitulationism

Answer 5

every human goes through the same stages of intellectual, emotional, and psychological development as our pre-human ancestors

Question 6

stanley hall

Answer 6

founded the american-psychological association (APA)

Question 7

edward lee thorndike

Answer 7

was interested in animal studies, especially in how animal solve problems

Question 8

law of effect (thorndike)

Answer 8

behaviors followed by a reward or reinforcement are more likely in the future, whereas behaviors followed by a punishment are less likely in the future