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1.3 POM Immunology > Antiviral Drugs > Flashcards

Antiviral Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

What is the size of virus particles?

A

10-100 nm (very small)

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2
Q

How many genes does each virus particle contain?

A
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3
Q

What are viruses?

A
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4
Q

How do viruses replicate?

A
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5
Q

What do viruses use host machinery to make? (2)

A
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6
Q

What type of viruses infect bacterial cells?

A
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7
Q

Where do viruses get lipid envelopes from?

A
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8
Q

What are enveloped vs non-enveloped viruses?

A
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9
Q

Why are viruses pleiomorphic?

A
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10
Q

What is the central dogma of viral particles? (3)

A
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11
Q

What is the difference between positive and negative sense retroviruses?

A
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12
Q

Why do RNA and retroviruses have a high mutation rate?

A
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13
Q

What are the 2 consequences of RNA and retroviruses using their own polymerases to replicate?

A
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14
Q

Are RNA and retroviruses smaller or bigger than DNA viruses and why?

A
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15
Q

What is the difference between RNA and retroviruses?

A
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16
Q

How do RNA and retroviruses make a wide range of proteins?

A
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16
Q

How long is the RNA vs DNA virus genome?

A
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17
Q

How can DNA viruses modify the host immune response?

A
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18
Q

Why are segmented genomes advantagous?

A
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19
Q

What are the 6 steps of the general virus replication cycle?

A
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20
Q

What are the 7 steps of the HIV-1 replication cycle?

A
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21
Q

Where does HIV-1 replication occur?

A
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22
Q

What are the 9 steps of the influenza virus cycle?

A
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23
Q

What is the cytopathic effect?

A
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24
Q

How do viruses perform host cell lysis? (2)

A
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25
Q

What is a viral plaque?

A
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26
Q

What are syncytia?

A
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26
Q

What is a plaque assay?

A
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27
Q

How can a virus be detected? (5)

A
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28
Q

How can viral genomes be detected?

A
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29
Q

How can viral antigens be detected?

A
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30
Q

How can viral particles be detected?

A
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31
Q

How can virus cytopathic effects be detected?

A
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32
Q

How can viral antigens be detected?

A
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33
Q

What is done to test if a person is infected with a particular virus?

A
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34
Q

Why can new viruses be engineered?

A
35
Q

Why are viral infections difficult to control?

A
36
Q

what are the 3 difficulties of making antiviral drugs?

A
37
Q

What is the therapeutic index?

A
38
Q

What do most antiviral drugs target?

A
39
Q

What is rational drug design?

A
40
Q

What are the 3 targets of different antiviral drugs?

A
41
Q

What are directly acting antivirals?

A
42
Q

Which antiviral drugs require drug specificity? (2)

A
43
Q

What is are … examples of an antiviral drug?

A
44
Q

What does acyclovir cause in viruses?

A
44
Q

How does acyclovir cause chain termination in viruses?

A
45
Q

How does acyclovir only act on virus-infected cells? (2)

A
46
Q

What are the 3 steps of acyclovir activation?

A
47
Q

When does acyclovir resistance arise?

A
48
Q

Which viral infections does acyclovir work against?

A
49
Q

Which viral infections does remdesivir work against?

A
50
Q

How does remdesivir act as an antiviral drug?

A
51
Q

What are the 4 requirements of antiviral drugs?

A
52
Q

What are 4 examples of anti-influenza drugs?

A
53
Q

What are the 2 adamantanes?

A
54
Q

What is the structure of adamantanes?

A
55
Q

Which virus do adamantanes work against?

A
56
Q

How do adamantanes act as antivirals?

A
57
Q

What is the structure of neuraminidase?

A
57
Q

Which 3 influenza strains are resistant to adamantanes and why?

A
58
Q

What are the 3 inhibitors of neuraminidase?

A
59
Q

What are the 2 influenza surface proteins used for host-cell entry?

A
60
Q

What is the function of neuraminidase?

A
61
Q

How do neuraminidase inhibitors work?

A
62
Q

Which neuraminidase inhibitor drug is controversial and why?

A
63
Q

Which influenza virus acquired resistance to oseltamivir and how?

A
64
Q

What do new anti-influenza drugs target?

A
65
Q

How dous baloxavir act as an anti-influenza drug?

A
66
Q

Which strain of influenza is reistant to baloxavir and how?

A
67
Q

What is HCV?

A
68
Q

What type of virus is HCV?

A
69
Q

What can HCV lead to?

A
70
Q

Why was HCV spread widely?

A
71
Q

What did HCV therapy used to rely on and why was this changed?

A
72
Q

What are the 4 types of HCV direct acting antivirals?

A
73
Q

What are the 2 mechanisms of HCV antivirals?

A
74
Q

What are the 5 types of HIV antivirals and what do they each prevent?

A
75
Q

What is the aim of antiviral drugs?

A
76
Q

Can HIV be cured and why?

A
77
Q

How was HIV cured in 2 patients in the world?

A
78
Q

What are biologicals?

A
79
Q

What is passive immunity?

A
80
Q

What are 3 examples of biologicals?

A
81
Q

How are biological antiviral drugs produced?

A
82
Q

Which 5 drugs are being tested for use against covid?

A
83
Q

What is remdesivir’s effect on covid infection progression?

A
84
Q

What is dexamethasone’s effect on covid infection progression?

A
85
Q

What are the 5 future plans for antiviral therapies?

A

1.3 POM Immunology (13 decks)

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