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Question 1

quantum number ml

Answer 1

magnetic quantum number
ml
determines the orientation of the orbital relative to the cartesian axis

Question 2

what does O2 -2 mean

Answer 2

each O has gained an electron

Question 3

what does N2 - mean

Answer 3

one N has gained an electron

Question 4

covalent radii + trend + weird

Answer 4

1/2 the interatomic distance in a homonuclear diatomic

left to right: decrease ( bc Zeff, e- held more tightly, orbital size contraction, radius decreases)

down group: increases (higher ‘n’ number)

Al -> Ga ‘d block contraction’ - penetration + shielding + Zeff

In -> Ti ‘lanthanide contraction’ due to filling of 4f orbital. decreases radii, poor shielding + p penetrating f!! contracts orbital, decreasing radii.

Question 5

ionic radii higher oxidation state means

Answer 5

cation has a larger positive charge

smaller ionic radii: higher electrostatic forces of attraction pulling orbital in closer.
greater Zeff felt by outer e-.

anions- are normally larger

Question 6

metallic radii definition and what the distance depends on

Answer 6

half the internuclear distance in a metal.
distance depends on packing + corrdination number of metal ion (amount of atoms the central atom its stably bonded to) normally 12

easiest to measure

Question 7

VDW radii

Answer 7

1/2 the internuclear distance between 2 non bonded neighbouring atoms in a liquid or solid