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🔴 Electrotherapy 🔴 > Diadynamic Current Therapy > Flashcards

Diadynamic Current Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

What is diadynamic used for

A

Pain relief ONLY

NOT muscle stimulation

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2
Q

Can Diadynamic stimulate muscle contractions ?

A

YES it can BUT it is NOT used for muscle stimulation

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3
Q

Another name for diadynamic current

A

Bernard current

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4
Q

What does the word diadynamic mean

A

Greek word meaning “through force”

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5
Q

What is DDC

A

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation current

Pulsed rectified alternating sinusoidal current AC

Monophasic current made of half-sine waveforms

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6
Q

What is meant by Rectified

Types of rectified sine waves

A

The process of changing an alternating current into a pulsating direct (unidirectional) current .
( AC ➡️ Pulsed DC)

Full rectification
Half rectification

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7
Q

The main electricity current has a carrier frequency of _____ Hz

A

50 or 60 Hz

(In Kuwait its 50 Hz)

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8
Q

Pulse duration for a 50 Hz AC current

A

10 msec

( 8.3 msec for 60 Hz AC current)

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9
Q

Describe sinusoidal current

A

Evenly alternating sine wave current of 50 Hz

Gives 100 pulses in each second for 10 msec

Unrectified

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10
Q

There are 5 DD current waveforms

What are they?

A

Fixed Diaphase (DF)
Fixed Monophase (MF)
Short Periods (CP)
Long Periods (LP)
Syncopal Rhythm (RS)

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11
Q

Fixed Diaphase DF

-Describe the current
-What is it used for
-Expected sensation

A

Full-wave rectified sinusoidal current
100 Hz
NO interpulse interval

Used for:
- pain with muscle spasm
- improving circulation
- introductory current

Expected sensation:
- light vibration (tickling)
- muscle contractions ONLY occur at HIGH intensities otherwise no contractions

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12
Q

Fixed Monophase MF

-Describe the current
-What is it used for
-Expected sensation

A

Half-wave rectified sinusoidal current
50 Hz
10 ms pulse interval

Used for:
- pain (without muscle spasm)
- improving circulation

Expected sensation:
- strong vibrations
- induces muscle contraction even at low intensities

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13
Q

Short Periods CP

-Describe the current
-What is it used for
-Expected sensation

A

MF and AF applied alternately for 1 sec each
( 1 sec MF of 50 Hz THEN 1 sec DF of 100 Hz)

Rapid alterations WITH NO interval pauses

Used for:
- pain
- improving circulation
- swelling (increased resorption)

Expected sensation:
- most aggressive current

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14
Q

Long Period (LP)

-Describe the current
-What is it used for
-Expected sensation

A

2 MF currents applied so that one MF occupies the pulse intervals of the second MF.
Second MF is SURGED (alternating amplitude)

Used for:
- pain (LONG LASTING pain relief ex: for neuralgia)
- improving circulation
- swelling (increased resorption)

Expected sensation:
- less aggressive than CP

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15
Q

Synocopal Rhythm RS

-Describe the current
-What is it used for

A

MF for a fixed duration followed by equal duration of rest

Used for:
- pain relief
- improving circulation

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16
Q

Why should direct current (DC/DF) always be applied for 2 minutes before any other DD current ?

A

Application of low-amplitude DC will decrease the trans-membrane nerve potential , this will minimize the current amplitude associated with the subsequent delivery of either DD current

17
Q

Cycle duration CD and inter cycle duration ICD

A

In Kuwait = power frequency is 50 Hz

CD = ICD = 10 msec

18
Q

Physiological and therapeutic effects of DD currents

A
  1. Pain relief also due to:
    - depolarization of sensory/motor nerve fibers
    - gate theory
    - improve circulation through pumping muscle action that removes irritant waste
  2. Improve circulation due to:
    - release of histamine-like substance = vasodilation
    - altering autonomic activity = vasodilation
  3. Decrease inflammation and swelling:
    - increased local circulation
    - change of cell membrane permeability
  4. Muscle re-education
    - stimulation of motor nerves BUT IS NOT USED FOR MUSCLE STRENGTHENING
19
Q

Indications for DD current

A

Soft tissue injury
Treating pain (especially in small joints)
Peripheral nerve disorders (neuralgia)
Myalgia
Edema
Circulatory disorders

20
Q

General contraindications (Hint: 8)

A

Impaired mentation (risk of epilepsy)

Pacemakers / defibrillators (risk of interference)

Thoracic region (affects heart function)

Anterior cervical region (stimulates vagus/phrenic nerves + carotid sinuses = hypotension + laryngeal spasm)

Cranial area (affects brain function)

Venous thrombosis (risk of embolism)

Superficial metal implants (overheating)

Malignant areas (metastasis)

21
Q

Local contraindications (hint: 4)

A

Impaired sensation (severe pain)

Abdominal, pelvic, lumbar areas of pregnant or menstruating woman ( induces labor / induces hemorrhage)

Damaged skin ( severe pain)

Hemorrhagic areas (enhances bleeding)

22
Q

Electrode placement

A
23
Q

How long should DC or DF be applied at the beginning of every session as an introductory current

A

2 minutes

24
Q

All DD amplitudes (intensities) set between what

A

The threshold of PERCEPTION and the threshold of PAIN

25
Q

Why is there an option to reverse current polarity during treatment .

Example : From (+, -) to (-, +)

A

To treat the opposite side

(Example: medial and lateral right knee pain. Instead of swapping the cathode with the anode just change the polarity)

26
Q

Treatment time for DDC

Number of sessions

A

10-12 minutes

6 or 8 treatment sessions (every other day OR twice/week)

27
Q

Case examples :

Medial knee pain

A
  1. DF for 2 minutes
  2. MF for 8 minutes
28
Q

Case examples:
Medial knee pain and swelling

A
  1. DF for 2 minutes
  2. MF for 3 minutes
  3. CP/LP for 5 minutes
29
Q

Case examples:

Medial AND lateral knee pain

A

Divide the 12 minutes ( 6 minutes medial + 6 minutes lateral)

6 minutes medial (- , +)
1. DF for 2 minutes
2. MF for 4 minutes

Switch polarity

6 minutes lateral (+ , -)
1. DF for 2 minutes
2. MF for 4 minutes

30
Q

How many channels can be used

A

1 - 2

31
Q

Target nerve for DDC

A

C fibers

32
Q

Case examples :
Pain and swelling for both medial and lateral knee

A

Divide the 12 minutes ( 6 minutes medial + 6 minutes lateral)

6 minutes medial (- , +)
1. DF for 2 minutes
2. CP for 4 minutes

Switch polarity

6 minutes lateral (+ , -)
1. DF for 2 minutes
2. CP for 4 minutes

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