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Lab & Surgical procedures > Lymphatic / immune system > Flashcards

Lymphatic / immune system Flashcards

1
Q

interstitial fluid that flows through the lymphatic system

A

Lymph

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2
Q

What are lymph’s composed of

A
  • Lymph vessels
  • lymph nodes
  • lymph glands
  • lymphoid tissue
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3
Q

The Lymph organs consist of :

A

tonsils
adenoids & vermiform
appendix & spleen
thymus gland & peyer patches

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4
Q

contain a single, large nucleus.

  • largest phagocytic WBC & transform into macrophages when in lymphatic tissue
A

Monocytes

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5
Q

two types : T lymphocytes (T cells) and B lymphocytes (B cells)

A

Lymphocytes
- Also called lymphs

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6
Q

Very large monocytes that grew in size once they migrated out of the bloodstream and lived in the tissues.

  • Engulf foreign particles, microorganisms, and cell debris.
A

Macrophages

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7
Q

What quadrant is the spleen located

A

the upper left quadrant.
- Removes old RBC’s q 90-120 days

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8
Q

Where is the Thymus gland located & what lymph’s does it develop ?

A
  • located in the mediastinum
  • Developes T lymphocytes
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9
Q
  • Helps protect the entrances to the respiratory & digestive system
  • are lymphatic tissue
A

Tonsils

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10
Q

located in the right lower quadrant and attached to the ascending colon of your large intestine

A

Vermiform appendix

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11
Q

What are the common cells found in the lymphatic system ?

A

WBC’s

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12
Q

composed of organs, tissues, cells, & chemical messengers

A

Immune system

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13
Q

your chemical messengers

A

Cytokines

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14
Q

What are Neutrophils , Eosinophils , & Basophils characterized by ?

A

their heavily granulated cytoplasm

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15
Q

What are the Granular WBC’s ?

A
  • Neutrophils
  • Eosinophils
  • Basophils
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16
Q

What are the Agranular WBC’s ?

A
  • Monocytes
  • Macrophages
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17
Q

Primary function is to differentiate what is “self” & what is “foreign” & then destroy anything that is foreign in the body.

A

Immune system level of defense

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18
Q

Nonspecific immunity is also known as :

A

innate immunity

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19
Q

Specific immunity is also known as :

A

adaptive immunity

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20
Q

Many ways the body protects itself from pathogens w/o having to recognize them

A

Nonspecific immunity

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21
Q

Methods of protection : (first)

A

-Physical
-Reflexes
-Chemical

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22
Q

Second line of defense :

A
  • Phagocytosis
  • Inflammation
  • Pyrexia = fever
  • Protective proteins
  • (NK) natural killer cells
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23
Q

Immunoglobulin –
Mostly found in circulating blood and tissues.

  • Crosses the placenta to the unborn baby.
  • provides the majority of antibody-based immunity.
A

IgG

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24
Q

Immunoglobulin –
Produced early in the immune response before IgG.

A

IgM

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25
Q

Immunoglobulins –
Found in the gastrointestinal, urinary, and respiratory systems.

-It is secreted in tears, saliva, and breast milk.

A

IgA

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26
Q

Immunoglobulins –
Created in response to an allergic reaction and multicellular organisms (parasitic worms).

A

IgE

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27
Q

Immunoglobulins –
Found in low levels in the serum.

  • May interact with mast cells and basophils.
A

IgD

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28
Q

also called antibody-mediated immunity, involves the production of B lymphocytes (B cells) and antibodies.

A

Humoral immunity

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29
Q
  • response involves T cells, which are responsible for destroying cells infected with antigens (viruses) and abnormal body cells, such as cancerous cells and transplanted tissues.
  • Cell-mediated immunity is also a complex response.
A

Cell - mediated immunity

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30
Q

(anaphylactic response)
- Considered an immediate allergic reaction.

A

Type 1

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31
Q

(cytotoxic-mediated response)
- Causes damage to the body’s own tissues.

A

Type 2

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32
Q

(immunocomplex reaction)
- Causes inflammation and tissue damage.

A

Type 3

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33
Q

(cell-mediated hypersensitivity)
- A delayed response caused by a cell-mediated response.

A

Type 4

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34
Q

the body is exposed to the antigen and the body “actively” produces the antibodies.

  • This type of immunity is slow to start working, but it can last a lifetime.
A

Active immunity

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35
Q

A person is exposed to a disease.

  • the body “actively” produces antibodies for protection.
A

Natural acquired active immunity

36
Q

A person receives a vaccine that contains antigens for a specific disease.

  • The antigens have been altered so that they cannot cause the disease, but the body will “actively” make antibodies to protect against the disease.
A

Artificial acquired active immunity

37
Q

antibodies (immune globulin or immunoglobulins) are “passed” into the body and the body does not need to make them.

A

Passive immunity

38
Q

Antibodies are passed from the mother to the unborn baby in utero

A

Natural acquired passive immunity

39
Q

Antibodies are “passed” into the body by an injection of immune globulin.

A

Artificial acquired passive immunity

40
Q
  • This immune response is generated against one specific antigen
  • Counts on the immune cells to identify antigens or recognize them if they encounter them again
  • Prepares a specific response to that unique antigen
  • Identifies with repeated challenges by the same antigen
  • May be either genetic or acquired
A

Specific immunity

41
Q

The remains of anything broken down or destroyed ; ruins, rubble.

A

Debris

42
Q

A clear, yellowish fluid containing white blood cells in a liquid simi-lar to plasma.

A

Lymph

43
Q

The production of exact copies of a complex molecule, such as DNA.

A

Replication

44
Q

A substance or structure that can be passed through, especially by liquids or gases.

A

Permeable

45
Q

A thick, yellowish fluid secreted from the breasts during pregnancy and during the first few days after childbirth.

A

Colostrum

46
Q

the location separating the right and left thoracic cavities

A

Mediastinal

47
Q

A usually chronic, recurrent skin disease marked by bright red patches covered with silvery scales.

A

Psoriasis

48
Q

complete or partial loss of hair from the head or other parts of the body.

A

Alopecia

49
Q

Deficient activity of the thyroid gland.

A

Hypothyroidism

50
Q

also called gluten-sensitive enteropathy or celiac sprue, is a digestive and an autoimmune disorder.

A

Celiac disease

51
Q

an autoimmune neurodegenerative disorder that affects the brain and spinal cord.

A

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

52
Q

Muscle weakness in the chest, back, neck, and hips is the first symptom.

A

Polymyositis

53
Q

_________ is a term used to describe a red blood cell that is shaped like a disk that is squished a bit in the middle.

A

Biconcave

54
Q

_____% of plasma is made up of water.

A

90%

55
Q

A type of agranulocyte that is named for its single, large nucleus is called a ..

A

monocyte

56
Q

What is the main goal of the first line of defense of the immune system?

A

Keep out pathogens.

57
Q

_____________ is the healthcare specialty that deals with many immune and lymphatic-related diseases and disorders.

A

Immunology

58
Q

Blood contributes to homeostasis by transporting which two gases?

A

Oxygen and carbon dioxide

59
Q

_______________ is the term used to describe the internal environment of the body that is compatible with life.

A

Homeostasis

60
Q

Thrombocytes are most commonly known as

A

platelets

61
Q

sutures of the palm/sole are to stay in for how long?

A

14-21 days

62
Q

abnormal increase of lymphocytes

A

lymphocytosis

63
Q

deficiency of clotting cells

A

thrombocytopenia

64
Q

known as the key cells of our immune response

A

lymphocytes

65
Q

process of blood formation

A

hematopoiesis

66
Q

tearing of the soft body tissue

A

laceration

67
Q

pernicious anemia is caused by a deficiency of

A

b12

68
Q

what is the temp/lbs for sterilization in an autoclave

A
  • 250-255 degrees
  • 15 lbs
69
Q

formation of RBC in the bone marrow are stimulated by

A

erythropoietin

70
Q

on a pouch, what info should be found on it

A

initials and date

71
Q

condition in which T cells attack a persons own cell is known as an

A

auto immune disease

72
Q

destruction and consumption of pathogens

A

phagocytosis

73
Q

process of killing pathogenic organisms and rendering them inactive

A

disinfection

74
Q

flexible tube that can be inserted into a vessel, organ, or a cavity

A

cannula

75
Q

cleaning process that removes/reduces the number of microorganisms

A

sanitization

76
Q

-siderin

A

iron substance

77
Q

hemorrhage into the tissue is called

A

purpura

78
Q

rows of teeth found on the jaws of an instrument

A

serrations

79
Q

substances in the blood that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

hemoglobin

80
Q

process of killing all microorganisms

A

sterilization

81
Q

western blot testing is used to diagnose a person with

A

HIV

82
Q

cut or separate tissue with a cutting instrument

A

dissect

83
Q

monospot testing is used to diagnose ..

A

mono

84
Q

joining 2 surfaces/edges together along a line is known as

A

approximated

85
Q

metal rod with a smooth rounded tip

A

obturator

86
Q

used to close a wound or surgical site

A

sutures

Lab & Surgical procedures (8 decks)

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