10/9: Inguinal Canal & Spermatic Cord

Question 1

Where does the male reproductive system begin and end?

Answer 1

Outside the body cavity, but must pass through the abdominal cavity at some point between

Question 2

Where does the spermatic cord travel through?

Answer 2

Inguinal canal

Question 3

What does the spermatic cord contain?

Answer 3

Ductas/vas deferens, testicular artery and vein, genitofemoral nerve, autonomic nerves, lymphatics

Question 4

When does the inguinal hole form?

Answer 4

Straight shot
Earlier in development

Question 5

When does the inguinal canal form?

Answer 5

With time and growth of body cavity

Question 6

What is the gubernaculum?

Answer 6

Strand of connective tissue that helps migrate gonad from posterior lumbar region to gene localized anterior position

Question 7

What is the gubernaculum attached to externally?

Answer 7

Deep surface of the skin in the groin area

Question 8

If the embryo is a male, what does the gubernaculum end at?

Answer 8

The scrotum dermis

Question 9

If the embryo is a female, what does the gubernaculum correspond to?

Answer 9

Labia majora dermis

Question 10

What does the gubernaculum pass through and lie?

Answer 10

All abdominal wall layers; between transversalis fascia and parietal peritoneum

Question 11

What is the gubernaculum attached to posteriorly?

Answer 11

Gonads

Question 12

What happens to the gubernaculum with time?

Answer 12

Shortens until it pulls gonads down to necessary position, depending on gender

Question 13

What is the gubernaculum attach to?

Answer 13

Partietal peritoneum

Question 14

What pulls and proceeds the testis down to the scrotum?

Answer 14

Processus vaginalis (fluid filled sheath, remains empty)

Question 15

What does the processus vaginalis dissapear and become?

Answer 15

Tunica vaginalis in adults

Question 16

What does the tunica vaginalis help with?

Answer 16

Frictionless environment

Question 17

What does the gubernaculum develop into?

Answer 17

Small few mm tendenous attachment to scrotum dermis

Question 18

Where does the gubernaculum pull the testis?

Answer 18

Through inguinal hole

Question 19

What happens to the transversalis fascia?

Answer 19

Thins out as testis is pulled through and forms a thin sleeve called internal spermatic fascia

Question 20

What is the one muscle layer that doesn’t continue to the formation of spermatic cord?

Answer 20

Transversus abdominis

Question 21

What does the internal abdominal oblique stretch out to form?

Answer 21

Cremaster muscle

Question 22

What does the external abdominal oblique form?

Answer 22

Thinnest layer called external spermatic fascia

Question 23

What is the deep inguinal ring from?

Answer 23

TF

Question 24

What is the middle inguinal ring from?

Answer 24

IAO

Question 25

What is the superficial inguinal ring from?

Answer 25

EAO

Question 26

What is the deep inguinal ring?

Answer 26

Where spermatic cord contents open up to the abdominal cavity

Question 27

Where is the deep inguinal ring found?

Answer 27

Half way along the inguinal ligament (above the ligament and between anterior superior iliac spine and pubis)

Question 28

What is the middle inguinal ring?

Answer 28

Where internal oblique gets stretched out into cremaster muscle

Question 29

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

Answer 29

Found where superficial inguinal ring attaches to the pubis medially

Question 30

Where does the spermatic cord start?

Answer 30

When inguinal canal stops at superficial inguinal ring (even though contents are the same)

Question 31

What is the funciton of the cremaster muscle?

Answer 31

Helps regulate temperature by contracting or relaxing scrotum

Question 32

What happens to the cremaster muscle when cold?

Answer 32

Contracts, pulls testis up

Question 33

What happens to the cremaster muscle when warm?

Answer 33

Relax, testis drop

Question 34

What nerve is the motor innervation of the cremaster muscle?

Answer 34

Genitofemoral nerve

Question 35

What nerve is the sensory innervation of the cremaster muscle?

Answer 35

Genitofemoral nerve, skin over thigh right alongside scrotum

Question 36

How does the cremaster reflex occur?

Answer 36

By scratching the area on the the alongside scrotum

Question 37

How to determine if the L1-L2 is working properly?

Answer 37

In a non-verbal patient by checking the cremaster reflex