Endocrine Vocabulary

Question 1

Autocrine

Answer 1

Local hormone that affects the cell that released it

Question 2

Hypothyroidism

Answer 2

abnormally low activity of the thyroid gland, resulting in slowing of growth and mental development in children and metabolic changes in adults, hormone low in blood level

Question 3

Calcitonin

Answer 3

decreases the blood calcium ion level by causing calcium to be deposited in the bones, slows/stops production in adults

Question 4

Adrenalin

Answer 4

a hormone secreted by the adrenal glands, especially in conditions of stress, increasing rates of blood circulation, breathing, and carbohydrate metabolism and preparing muscles for exertion

Question 5

Glucagon

Answer 5

antagonist of insulin, releases glucose into blood, stimulates liver to do it

Question 6

Epinephrine

Answer 6

a hormone secreted by the adrenal medulla upon stimulation by CNS in response to stress, such as anger or fear, acting to increase heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac output, and carbohydrate metabolism

Question 7

Cortisol

Answer 7

one of several steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, keeps blood sugar stable

Question 8

Melatonin

Answer 8

makes us drowsy, the peak occurs at night, the lowest amount at noon

Question 9

Insulin

Answer 9

increases body cells’ ability to import glucose across their plasma membranes, sweeps glucose out of blood

Question 10

Hormone

Answer 10

chemical substances secreted by endocrine cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic activity of other cells in the body

Question 11

Estrogen

Answer 11

Female sex hormone

Question 12

Hypothalamus

Answer 12

part of the nervous system, also a major endocrine organ because it produces several hormones

Question 13

Oxytocin

Answer 13

stimulates contractions during childbirth, breastfeeding, and sexual relations, and causes milk ejection (released by the hypothalamus)

Question 14

Prostaglandins

Answer 14

hormones that act locally

Question 15

Testosterone

Answer 15

promotes the growth and maturation of the reproductive system organs, and causes secondary sex characteristics, necessary for the production of sperm

Question 16

Pancreas

Answer 16

located near the stomach, has endocrine (hormone-producing) and exocrine (enzyme-producing) tissues, produces insulin and glucagon

Question 17

Pineal Body

Answer 17

small, cone-shaped gland that hangs from the roof of the third ventricle of the brain, only melatonin appears to be secreted in substantial amounts

Question 18

Thyroid Gland

Answer 18

located at base of throat, produces thyroid hormone + calcitonin

Question 19

Parathyroid

Answer 19

tiny masses of glandular tissue most often found on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland, secrete parathyroid hormone which regulates calcium ion homeostasis of blood

Question 20

Pituitary Gland

Answer 20

approximately the size of a pea hangs from the inferior surface of the hypothalamus, controls many other endocrine glands

Question 21

Target Cell

Answer 21

specific cells affected by hormone

Question 22

Norepinephrine

Answer 22

hormone that is released by the adrenal medulla and by the sympathetic nerves and functions as a neurotransmitter. It is also used as a drug to raise blood pressure

Question 23

Steroid

Answer 23

(made from cholesterol) include the sex hormones made by the gonads (ovaries and testes) and the hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

Question 24

Paracrine

Answer 24

relating to or denoting a hormone that has effect only in the vicinity of the gland secreting it.