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Psychopathology > OCD - Obsessive Compulsive Disorder > Flashcards

OCD - Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

What is the common behavioural characteristic of OCD?

A

Repetitive compulsions

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2
Q

What are the common emotional characteristics of OCD (or linked to)?

A

Anxiety
Depression

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3
Q

What is the common cognitive characteristic of OCD?

A

Obsessive thoughts

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4
Q

What did Nestadt (2010) find?

A

68% of MZ twins had OCD as opposed to 31% DZ twins

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5
Q

What did Marini & Stebnicki (2012) find?

A

Someone who has a relative with OCD is around 4x likely to develop OCD

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6
Q

What did Cromer (2017) find?

A

Over half of OCD sample had experienced something traumatic

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7
Q

What did Soomro (2009) find?

A

Reviewed 17 studies that compared SSRIs to placebos, all showed significantly better outcomes for SSRIs. 70% for SSRIs alone

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8
Q

What did Goldacre (2013) find?

A

Voiced concerns over biased research due to drug company research projects

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9
Q

What did Skapinakis (2016) find?

A

Systematic review concluded both cognitive and behavioural therapies are more effective than SSRIs

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10
Q

What does the genetic explanation of OCD focus on?

A

Synaptic transmission of serotonin and dopamine
(Too much dopamine, too little serotonin)

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11
Q

What are the two responsible genes in the genetic explanation of OCD? (And what do they affect?)

A

Having faulty:
COMT Gene - Too much dopamine
SERT Gene - Too little serotonin

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12
Q

What is the term given to the SERT and COMT Gene in the genetic explanation of OCD?

A

Candidate genes

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13
Q

What is the strength of the genetic explanation of OCD?

A

Supporting evidence from twin studies - Nestadt found MZ concordance rate 68%, DZ 31%

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14
Q

What is the weakness of the genetic explanation of OCD?

A

Contradicting evidence - Cromer found over ½ OCD sample had experienced something traumatic. More trauma = more severe OCD

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15
Q

What does the neural explanation of OCD believe?

A

Different areas of the brain might also have something to do with OCD

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16
Q

What happens to the Orbital Frontal Cortex (OFC) in someone with OCD? (Neural explanation)

A

In normal functioning brain, the brain can filter small worries from the OFC, but if hyperactive, the worries pass through and return to the OFC

17
Q

What causes the obsessive thoughts in the neural explanation of OCD?

A

The worry circuit. The OFC combines with Caudate neuron (CN) to create a worry circuit

18
Q

What is the strength of the neural explanation of OCD?

A

Evidenced - that serotonin is involved by looking at SSRIs to reduce symptoms

19
Q

What is the weakness of the neural explanation of OCD?

A

Unsure - SSRIs may decrease symptoms, but it doesn’t prove it was the cause

Psychopathology (4 decks)

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