Introduction to microbiology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the major differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes?

A

Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not.
Genetic material in prokaryotic cells is loose.

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2
Q

How many microbes are in/ on the human body?

A

100 x 10^14

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3
Q
A
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4
Q

How do we name bacteria?

A

Genus name: capital letter, italics, Latin/ Greek descriptive eg. Staphylococcus/ streptococcus

Followed by species name: starts with lower case, italics, Latin eg. Aureus, pyogenes

Genus species eg. Staphylococcus aureus

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5
Q

What staining do we use for bacteria and what is the meaning?

A

GRAM staining
Gram Positive: stains PURPLE eg. staphylococcus aureus
Gram Negative: stains PINK eg. Escherichia Coli
Gram staining helps to identify genus level.

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6
Q

Viruses

A

Akaryotic
Size: 0.01-0.2 um
Composed of: nucleic acid and protein coat

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7
Q

Fungi

A

Size: 2um-20cm
Eukaryotic cell structure
unicellular (yeast) or multicellular (mushrooms)

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8
Q

Protozoa

A

Size: 1-200 um
Eukarytoic cellular organisation but no cell wall
ingest solid food particles

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9
Q

How are microbes used in food?

A

spoilage, preservation, source of food, food production, food poisoning
eg. quorn= mycoprotein from fungal mycelium

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10
Q

What bacteria are used in the food industry?

A

Corynebacterium glutamicum- lysine, glutamic acid
Erwinia sp. - pectinase
Bacillus sp.- amylase
Acetobacter sp.- vinegar
Lactobacillus sp. - lactic acid, yoghurt

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11
Q

What is cholera?

A

Caused by vibrio cholerae (gram negative rod bacterium).
Classic disease of poverty and poor sanitation
Transmission: faecal-oral through contaminated water
Causes rice-water stool causing death by shock due to dehydration

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12
Q

Why are microbes good for us?

A

inhibit pathogens, produce vitamins, induce antibody production, we use it to process sewage.

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