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Patho Reproductive System > Hornones > Flashcards

Hornones Flashcards

1
Q

Males

A

Testes->testosterone-> wolffian ducts develop into the seminal vesicles, vascular deferens, prostate

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2
Q

Males 1.2

A

Testes-> MIS-> atrophy of Müllerian ducts

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3
Q

Females

A

Ovaries-> no testosterone-> wolffian ducts atrophy

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4
Q

Females 1.2

A

Ovaries-> no MIF-> Müllerian ducts develop into the uterus, vagina, fallopian tubes

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5
Q

Requires presence of 5 a-reductace in embryonic genital skin for genital fusion and development of male genitalia

A

Testosterone converted to DHR (5 a-dihydrotestosterone)

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6
Q

Males

A

Testosterone-> penis, urethra, scrotum

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7
Q

Females

A

No testosterone->clitoris and external labia

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8
Q

Direct gene activation

A

-lipid soluble, steroid hormones
-diffuse through cell membranes
-bind to intracellular receptor
-activated hormone receptor/complex binds with gene, turning it on
-gene transcribes mRNA
-ribosomes use mRNA to synthesize enzymes to stimulate cell activity or synthesize structural proteins to be excreted or used within the cell

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9
Q

Second messenger systems

A

-amino acid and protein based
-cannot pass through cell membranes
-bind to cell membrane receptors
-activate G protein in membrane to produce cyclic AMP in cytoplasm
-cyclic AMP acts as second messenger inside cell activating protein kinases
-protein kinases trigger cellular responses

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10
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

A

Source: hypothalamus
Targets and functions: anterior pituitary
-stimulates the production of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and leutinizing hormone (LH)
-regulates the release of FSH and LH by the anterior pituitary gland

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11
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone

A

Source: anterior pituitary

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12
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone in females

A

Ovaries
-Stimulates folic growth and maturation
-Stimulates estrogen production

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13
Q

Follicle stimulating hormone in males

A

Seminiferous tubules
-promotes sperm production (spermatogenesis) by establishing testosterone receptors on tubules

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14
Q

Leutenizing hormone

A

Source:anterior pituitary

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15
Q

Leutenizng hormone females

A

Females- ovaries
-stimulates primary oocyte to complete first neurotic divison to become secondary oocyte
-triggers ovulation of secondary oocyte
-transforms ruptured follicle into corpus luteum
-stimulates production of progesterone by corpus luteum

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16
Q

Leutenizing hormone in males

A

Males-semnferous tubules
-stimulates sperm production (spermstogenis) by causing intestinal cells in testes to secrete testosterone

17
Q

Estrogen

A

Sources: maturing follicles and corpus luteum

18
Q

Estrogen (body in general)

A

Stimulates the development of female secondary sexual characteristics

19
Q

Estrogen (uterus)

A

Stimulates proliferative phase of uterine cycle

20
Q

Estrogen (ovaries)

A

Promotes oogenesis

21
Q

Estrogen (breasts)

A

Stimulates development of milk ducts and sinuses (ampullae)

22
Q

Estrogen (anterior pituitary)

A

Stimulates burst-like release of LH

23
Q

Progesterone

A

Source: corpus luteum and placenta

24
Q

Progesterone uterus

A

-maintains thickened endometrium
-stimulates nutrient release
-quiets myometrium

25
Q

Progesterone breasts

A

Stimates development of alveoli for milk production

26
Q

Progesterone anterior pituitary

A

Inhibits production and release of FSH and LH

27
Q

Testosterone

A

Source: interstitial cells in testes

28
Q

Testosterone (body in general)

A

Stimulates the development of male secondary sexual characteristics including
-development of male genitalia
-male skeleton and muscle development
-male patterns for hair growth
-increased RBC production and higher metabolic rate

29
Q

Testosterone (seminiferous tubules)

A

Necessary for the completion of spermatogenesis

30
Q

Testosterone (anterior pituitary)

A

Moderate inhibition of pituitary and hypothalamus

31
Q

Oxytocin

A

Sources: manufactured by hypothalamus
Stored and relaxed by posterior pituitary
-positive feedback mechanisms:
1.childbirth-stretching of uterus and cervix
2. Suckling- milk letdown reflex

32
Q

Oxytocin (uterus)

A

Stimulates contraction of uterine myometrium causing lowering of fetus and labor

33
Q

Oxytocin (Breasts)

A

-stimalest contraction of milk ducts and sinuses, releasing milk

34
Q

Prolactin

A

Source: anterior pituitary
Targets: breasts-stimulates alveoli of breasts to produce milk

Regulation-release of prolactin by anterior pituitary is regulated by hypothalamus production of prolactin releasing hormone(PRH) and prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH)

35
Q

Human chorionic gonadotopin

A

Source: trophoblasts of blastocyst and chorion
Targets: corpus luteum
-maintains corpus luteum and causes it to continue producing progesterone in the absence of LH through first four months of pregnancy till placenta produces sufficient estrogen and progesterone to maintain the pregnancy

Patho Reproductive System (12 decks)

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