Pests

Question 1

hormone that affects insect growth cycle

Answer 1

Insect growth regulator (IGR)

Question 2

What is the most important thing to know if you want to control a pest?

Answer 2

it’s life cycle

Question 3

Integrated Pest Management

Answer 3

process of solving pest problems while minimizing risks to people and the environment

Question 4

7 elements of IPM

Answer 4

-Grow healthy plants
-Use resistant plants
-Keep a clean growing environment
-Remove factors that allow pests to thrive
-Biological controls
-Cultural controls
-Mechanical/physical controls

Question 5

3 Biological Controls

Answer 5

-Predators
-Parasites
-Bacteria

Question 6

2 Cultural Controls

Answer 6

-Irrigation practices
-fertilization

Question 7

Pesticide

Answer 7

any substance used to kill, repel, or control a pest

Question 8

Neem Oil

Answer 8

-safe to use on food
-leaves no residue on soil
-effectively kills pests and prevents powdery mildew
-Comes from the tree Azadirchta indica
-Non-toxic to birds, fish and bees
-Use on mites, aphids, mealybugs, scale and whitefly

Question 9

bT

Answer 9

Bacillus thuringiensis
-a naturally occurring soil bacteria that when sprayed on plants is toxic to certain pest insects
-caterpillars, certain beetles, mosquitoes, black flies

Question 10

Aphids

Answer 10

-Feed on new growth
-40-86 degrees, 80 degrees optimal
-Parthenogenic and sexual reproduction
-Nymphs and adults most susceptible to pesticides (eggs protected)
-Honeydew reduces photosynthesis with sooty mold
-Vectors for viruses

Question 11

Controlling Aphids

Answer 11

-Syringe
-Isolate infested plants
-Squish
-Beneficials
-Insecticide

Question 12

Signs of Aphids

Answer 12

-poor/distorted growth
-sticky honeydew
-sooty molds
-cast skins
-ants
-discoloration

Question 13

Scale Symptoms

Answer 13

-Discolored stems
-Chlorosis
-Stunted plant growth
-Death of stem if infested
-Insects, waxy secretion, egg sacs

Question 14

Scale treatments

Answer 14

-Proper cultural care
-Prune off damage
-Syringe
-Wipe off
-Insecticidal soap

Question 15

White fly

Answer 15

-Resistance to pesticides forms quickly
-Good fliers, spread fast
-Sexual and parthenogenic
-76-86 degrees optimal
-Usually on leaf undersides

Question 16

White fly treatment

Answer 16

-“syringe the shit out of it”
-Remove weeds
-Beneficials
-Insecticides

Question 17

White fly symptoms

Answer 17

-Tiny nymphs on the underside of leaves
-Sticky honeydew or sooty mold
-Yellowing, silvering, or drying leaves
-Deposits of white wax sometimes

Question 18

Mites

Answer 18

-Usually two-spotted spider mite
-Sexual reproduction
-Overwinter in cracks and crevices
-Hang out under leaves
-Form webbing
-86-89 degrees optimal
-Like hot and dry conditions
-Feeding deduces chlorophyll content, reduces photosynthesis

Question 19

Mite Treatment

Answer 19

-Reduce nitrogen fertilizer
-Syringe to raise humidity
-Eliminate weeds
-Beneficials
-Sprays

Question 20

Mite Symptoms

Answer 20

-tiny yellowish or bleached spots
-leaves turning pale bronze
-scorching around leaf edges
-leaves falling off prematurely

Question 21

Thrips

Answer 21

-Sexual and parthenogenic reproduction
-Nymphs and adults killed by pesticides
-Go for new growth and flowers
-76-86 degrees optimal, most rapid growth at 86
-Vector for many viruses
-Also eat pollen

Question 22

Thrips Symptoms

Answer 22

-Flowers or leaves may develop silvery streaks
-Heavily infested leaves appear brownish or silvery
-growing points may become contorted -sooty spots of black frass on leaves

Question 23

scouting for caterpillars

Answer 23

-pay close attention to susceptible plants near doors, vents and other openings -feeding damage
-frass
-Caterpillars have five or fewer prolegs on their abdomen

Question 24

cabbageworm

Answer 24

velvety green caterpillar approximately 1 1/4 inches long with a yellow stripe down the back and a broken line of yellow spots along each side

Question 25

Diamondback moth caterpillars

Answer 25

small, approximately 1/8-inch long, light green and mine leaves

Question 26

Cabbage looper caterpillars

Answer 26

light green, approximately 1 1/2 inches long, with white stripes down the back and along the side

Question 27

Armyworm

Answer 27

brown and stripey