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Gardener Test > Nutrients and Deficiencies > Flashcards

Nutrients and Deficiencies Flashcards

1
Q

Nitrogen

A

-Promotes vegetative growth (green growth)
-Primary macronutrient most needed
-Too much can make leggy or cause pest problems
-can deplete plant in low light settings

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2
Q

Nitrogen deficiency signs

A

-slow and stunted growth
-chlorosis
-shows up in older leaves and tips of grasses

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3
Q

Phosphorus

A

-roots, flowers, fruits
-balances nitrogen
-needs pH reaction to be useable (6-7)
-often included in starter fertilizers

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4
Q

Phosphorus deficiency

A

-small stunted leaves
-dark green or reddish leaves
-shows up in older leaves
-delayed maturity
-poor root system
-plant size reduction

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5
Q

Potassium

A

-metabolism, nutrient transport, overall health, flowering
-second only to nitrogen in plant consumption
-regulates functions related to osmosis
-taken up by roots
-less mobile in clay soils (more available)
-uptake more rapid in neutral soils

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6
Q

Potassium deficiency

A

-scorched leaf margins on lower older leaves
-interveinal chlorosis

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7
Q

Calcium

A

-used in third greatest amount by plants
-cell walls and membranes, pectin, stress resistance, regulating plant functions
-availability depends on CEC
-excessive K and Mg can inhibit uptake

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8
Q
A
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9
Q

Calcium deficiency

A

-blossom end rot
-appears in new growth

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10
Q

Magnesium

A

-essential ingredient in chlorophyll
-aids uptake of other elements, activates many enzyme systems
-easily leached from soil
-K and P can inhibit uptake

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11
Q

Magnesium deficiency

A

-less resistant to drought, cold, disease
-interveinal chlorosis in older leaves

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12
Q

Sulfur

A

-least quantity needed of macronutrients
-making chlorophyll and proteins, seed production, stress tolerance
-readily leached

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13
Q

Sulfur deficiency

A

-stunted newer leaves
-pale green
-looks like nitrogen deficiency

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14
Q

Iron

A

-metallic trace element, trace element used in greatest amounts
-form chemicals, especially chlorophyll
-solubility relates directly to pH (less available above 6)
-Acid loving plants may suffer shortage in alkaline or calcareous soils

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15
Q

Iron deficiency

A

-interveinal chlorosis on new leaves

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16
Q

Manganese

A

-metallic trace element
-formation of chlorophyll, speeds seed germination, crop maturing, helps plant take up other nutrients

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17
Q

Managese deficiency

A

-dwarfing
-interveinal chlorosis on young leaves

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18
Q

Copper

A

-metallic trace element
-chlorophyll and lignin, disease resistance, moisture control

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19
Q

Copper deficiency

A

-inhibit pollen formation
-lower fruit yield

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20
Q

Zinc

A

-metallic trace element
-chlorophyll and protein production
-synthesize plant growth hormone

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21
Q

Zinc deficiency

A

-tight growth of small leaves
-interveinal chlorosis

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22
Q

Chlorine

A

-anionic trace element
-found everywhere and water soluble

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23
Q

Chlorine deficiency

A

-rare but more common in palms

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24
Q

Boron

A

-anionic trace element
-cell wall and membrane integrity

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25
Q

Boron deficiency

A

collapse of shoot and root tips

26
Q

Molybdenum

A

-anionic trace element
-needed for proper nitrogen metabolism
-most available in high pH soils

27
Q

Nickel

A

-metallic trace element, least amount needed
-rarely deficient
-metabolism of urea

28
Q

Potassium deficiency in Palms

A

-affects older fronds first
-early symptoms: translucent yellow-orange spots, black spots, dead tissue along margins
-later symptoms: fronds stunted and trunk pencil pointing

29
Q

Palms susceptible to potassium deficiency

A

-coconut
-areca
-spindle
-queen
-royal

30
Q

Amendment for Potassium deficiency in palms

A

-slow release potash with magnesium (Mg deficiency can occur from extra potassium)
-can take up to 2 years to recover

31
Q

Magnesium deficiency in palms

A

-areas of poor soil and high rainfall
-light yellow band along leaf margin starting on older leaves
-in severe cases tips turn brown

32
Q

Palms susceptible to magnesium deficiency

A

date palm

33
Q

Amendment for Palms deficient in Magnesium

A

-apply 2-4 pounds of magnesium sulfate (epsom salt) per tree 4 times a year
-may take years to recover

34
Q

Manganese deficiency in Palms

A

-frizzeltop
-shows up in acid loving palms in alkaline soil, too much water, or cold temperatures
-symptoms on new growth: deformed, reduced size, dead brown areas
-can kill the bud which kills the plant

35
Q

Palms susceptible to Manganese deficiency

A

-Pygmy date
-royal
-queen
-parotis

36
Q

Amendment for Palm deficient in Manganese

A

-apply manganese sulfate to soil or spray on foliage
-do not plant acid loving palms in alkaline soil

37
Q

Nitrogen deficiency in Palms

A

-not a big problem
-due to poor soil and lack of fertilizer
-light green color and decreased growth
-symptoms start on oldest fronds
-entire canopy can turn yellow green and then white
-pencil pointing

38
Q

Amendement for palms deficient in nitrogen

A

-slow release fertilizer with nitrogen or a foliar spray

39
Q

Iron deficiency in palms

A

-uncommon
-due to poorly aerated soil, root damage, or improper planting depth
-yellow-green fronds with green veining
-appears on new leaves first
-later, dead tissue at tips
-can stunt or kill over time

40
Q

Amendment for Palm with Iron deficiency

A

-add iron if not a condition issue

41
Q

How do we test for soil nutrients?

A

EC reading or soil test

42
Q

3 non-mineral/water Macronutrients

A

-Carbon
-Hydrogen
-Oxygen

43
Q

C

A

Carbon

44
Q

H

A

Hydrogen

45
Q

O

A

Oxygen

46
Q

3 Primary soil macronutrients

A

-Nitrogen
-Phosphorus
-Potassium

47
Q

N

A

Nitrogen

48
Q

P

A

Phosphorus

49
Q

K

A

Potassium

50
Q

3 Secondary soil macronutrients

A

-Calcium
-Magnesium
-Sulfur

51
Q

Ca

A

Calcium

52
Q

Mg

A

Magnesium

53
Q

S

A

Sulfur

54
Q

8 micronutrients

A

-Iron
-Manganese
-Copper
-Chlorine
-Boron
-Nickel
-Zinc
-Molybdenum

55
Q

Fe

A

iron

56
Q

Mn

A

Manganese

57
Q

Cu

A

Copper

58
Q

Cl

A

Chlorine

59
Q

B

A

Boron

60
Q

Ni

A

Nickel

61
Q

Zn

A

Zinc

62
Q

Mo

A

Molybdenum

Gardener Test (12 decks)

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