Condensation Polymers Flashcards

1
Q

Give examples of condensation polymers

A
  • Polyamides
  • Polyesters
  • Polypeptide
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2
Q

What is condensation polymerisation?

A
  • Two different types of monomer, each with at least two functional groups
  • Functional group reacts with a group on another monomer to form a link creating polymer chains
  • Each time a link is formed, water is lost
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3
Q

Give the equation for the formation of nylon6,6 from 1,6-diaminohexane and hexanedioic acid

A

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4
Q

What molecules are polyamides formed from?

A

dicarboxylic acids and diamines

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5
Q

Give the equation for the formation of kevlar from 1,4-diaminobenzene and benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid

A

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6
Q

Give the uses of nylon 6,6

A
  • Clothing
  • Carpet
  • Rope
  • Airbags
  • Parachutes
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7
Q

Give the uses of Kevlar

A
  • Bullet proof vests
  • Boat construction
  • Car tyres
  • Light weight sports equipment
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8
Q

What molecules make up polyesters

A

Diols and dicarboxylic acids

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9
Q

Give the equation for the formation of Terylene from benzene-1,4-dicarboxylic acid and ethane1,2-diol

A

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10
Q

What process produces original monomers

A

Hydrolysis

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11
Q

What molecules is needed for the process of hydrolysis?

A

Water

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12
Q

How are monomers from repeating units drawn?

A
  • Break the chain through the middle bond of the amide or ester link
  • Add OH or H to each end of the new molecules
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13
Q

Give the equation to show the formation of a dicarboxylic acid and a diamine from an amide link using water

A

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14
Q

What type of bonds are found in condensation polymers?

A

Polar bonds

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15
Q

Describe the effect of condensation polymers having polar bonds

A
  • They are more stronger and rigid than addition polymers
  • So as well as vander waals forces, there are permanent dipole-dipole forces and hydrogen bonds between the polymer chains
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16
Q

Give the advantages and disadvantages of polyalkenes

A
  • They are addition polymers e.g poly(ethene) and polystyrene
  • They are non-polar carbon chains which makes them chemically inert and unreactive
  • They are non-biodegradable
17
Q

Give advantages and disadvantages of condensation polymers

A
  • They have polar bonds which makes them open to attack by nucleophiles
  • So they can be broken down by hydrolysis so they are biodegradable
  • Although the process is very slow
18
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of burying waste plastics

A

Landfill is used when:
- it is difficult to separate waste plastics form other waste
- not sufficient in quantities to make separation financially worthwhile
- To difficult to technically recycle
- It is cheap and an easy method of waste disposal but requires areas of land
- Waste can decompose and release methane (greenhouse gas), leaks from landfill can also contaminate water supplies

19
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of burning waste plastics

A

-Waste plastics can be burned and the heat can be used to generate electricity
- This process must be carefully controlled to reduce the the release of toxic gases
- Polymers that contain chlorine produce HCl they burn which needs to be removed
-Waste gases such as carbon dioxide will still contribute to greenhouse effect
- Waste gases from combustion are passed through scrubbers which can neutralise gases such as HCl allowing them to react with a base

20
Q

What are the advantages of recycling waste plastics

A
  • It reduces the amount of waste going to landfill
  • It saves raw materials which is important because oil is non-renewable
  • The cost of recycling plastics is lower than making the plastics from scratch
  • It produces less CO2 emissions than burning the plastic
21
Q

What are the disadvantages of recycling waste plastics

A
  • It is technically difficult to recycle plastics
  • Collecting, sorting and processing the plastic is more expensive than burning/landfill
  • You often can’t remake the plastic you started with- you have to make something else
  • The plastic can be easily contaminated during the recycling process