Micro structure and chemical composition of building materials 1.01

Question 1

Name the 3 organic materials

Answer 1

-timber
-bitumen
-polymers

Question 2

Name the 3 metallic materials

Answer 2

-steel
-cast iron
-non-ferrous metals

Question 3

Name 3 inorganic non-metallic materials

Answer 3

-ceramics
-glass
-cement stone

Question 4

Name 3 composite materials

Answer 4

-concrete constituents
-reinforced concrete
-masonry

Question 5

What are the properties of timber?

Answer 5

-lightweight
-high strength in tension and compression
-deformability: mostly ductile
-conditionally durable
-limited temperature resistance

Question 6

What are the properties of bitumen?

Answer 6

-lightweight
-low strength
-ductile
-aging durability
-limited temperature resistance, depends strongly on properties

Question 7

What are the properties of polymers?

Answer 7

-lightweight
-high strength in tension and compression
-deformability: mostly ductile
-aging durability
-limited temperature resistance, depends strongly on properties

Question 8

What are the properties of steel?

Answer 8

-heavy
-high strength in tension and compression
-ductile and formable
-prone to corrosion
-limited temperature resistance

Question 9

What are the properties of cast iron?

Answer 9

-heavy
-high strength in tension and compression
-ductile and formable
-higher corrosion resistance
-limited temperature resistance

Question 10

What are the properties of non-ferrous materials?

Answer 10

-“lighter”
-high strength in tension and compression
-ductile and formable
-higher corrosion resistance
-limited temperature resistance

Question 11

What are the properties of ceramics (natural stones)?

Answer 11

-mostly heavy
-high compressive strength
-brittle, not formable
-mostly durable
-durable temperature resistance

Question 12

What are the properties of glass?

Answer 12

-heavy
-high compressive strength (+fibers=high tensile strength)
-brittle, not formable
-durable
-fire protection glass temperature resistance

Question 13

What are the properties of hydraulic binder material (cement)

Answer 13

-mostly heavy
-high compressive strength
-brittle, not formable
-mostly durable
-temperature resistance depends on the design

Question 14

Define a crystalline material

Answer 14

• Highly ordered atoms or basic modules
• Three-dimensional arrangement in lattice
• High symmetry
• Typical unit cells
• Clear identification possible
• Short and long structural arrangement
  Properties:
  defined melting point, mostly not transparent, isotropic or anisotropic
  Examples:
  Metals, ceramics, most natural stones, silicates

Question 15

Define a amorphous material

Answer 15

• No ordered atoms or molecules
• No symmetry in structure, chaotic system
• Solidified or frozen glassy structure
  Properties:
  No defined melting point, softening over a wide range of temperature
  often transparent, isotropic
  Examples:
  glass, many polymers

Question 16

What’s a unit cell?

Answer 16

smallest repeating crystalline unit

Question 17

How many atoms and what density does a Simple Cubic crystal system has?

Answer 17

1 atom/unit cell
52.36% density

Question 18

How many atoms and what density does a Cubic Body Centered crystal system has?

Answer 18

2 atoms/unit cell
68.08% density

Question 19

How many atoms and what density does a Cubic Face Centered crystal system has?

Answer 19

4 atoms/unit cell
74.05% density

Question 20

Name the 3 crystal systems and packing density

Answer 20

-simple cubic packing
-Face- centered cubic packing
-hexagonal packing

Question 21

Name two materials with natural porosity

Answer 21

pumice and foamed lava

Question 22

What is an artificial material with natural porosity?

Answer 22

cement stone

Question 23

Define porosity

Answer 23

volume in an object that is not composed of solids.

Question 24

Name 3 classifications of pore sizes

Answer 24

-nanopores
-Micropores
-mesopores
-macropores

Question 25

What’s total porosity (TP)?

Answer 25

fraction of the total volume that is occupied by pores. The porosity is further subdivided into open porosity and closed porosity.

Question 26

What’s pore size distribution? (PSD)

Answer 26

fraction of total pore volume in which the pores lie within a stated size range. It can be expressed either in integral or differential form.

Question 27

What’s specific surface of pores (SS)?

Answer 27

the accessible surface area contained in unit mass of volume of solid and can, in principle, be calculated using total porosity and pore size distribution or indirectly from analytical techniques

Question 28

What type of foamed polymers are better for temperature isolation?

Answer 28

materials with close cells porosity

Question 29

What type of foamed polymers are better for sound isolation?

Answer 29

materials with open cells porosity