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PT9121 - Acute Care 1 > Lecture 2 - Thorax, Lungs, and Pleura > Flashcards

Lecture 2 - Thorax, Lungs, and Pleura Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 functions of the thoracic wall?

A
  1. Protection (also protects liver and kidney not just heart and lungs)
  2. Muscle attachment
  3. Facilitates breathing
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2
Q

What are the components of the thoracic skeleton (4)?

A
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3
Q

What are the 3 components of the sternum

A
  1. Manubrium
  2. Body
  3. Xiphoid
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4
Q

What is the important landmark of the sternum

A

Sternal angle

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5
Q

What is the jugular notch?

A

The top of the manubrium

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6
Q

What is the name of the joint between the xiphoid and the body of the sternum called?

A

Xiphisternal joint

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7
Q

What are the 8 landmarks represented by the sternal angle

A
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8
Q

What are the true ribs

A
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9
Q

What are the false ribs

A
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10
Q

What are the floating ribs

A
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11
Q

What is the superior thoracic aperture and what 3 structures is it bound by?

A
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12
Q

What is the inferior thoracic aperture and what 3 structures is it bound by and 1 structure that it is closed by

A
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13
Q

Movement of ribs during inspiration [increases/decreases] thoracic volume

A

Increase

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14
Q

Describe the movement of the upper and lower ribs during respiration

A
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15
Q

What are the 3 muscles of respiration

A
  1. Diaphragm
  2. Intercostal muscles
  3. Accessory muscles
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16
Q

What are the 4 functions of the diaphragm

A
  1. Main muscle of inspiration
  2. Separates thoracic and abdominal cavities
  3. Increases thoracic volume and intra-abdominal pressure when contracting (pushes abdominal cavity down to increase thoracic volume allowing air to rush in for respiration to take place)
  4. Positioning of the diaphragm depends on phase of respiration, standing, or supine, and distention of abdominal viscera
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17
Q

What are the 3 holes in the diaphragm

A
  1. Caval opening (T8)
  2. Esophageal hiatus (T10)
  3. Aortic Hiatus (T12)
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18
Q

What does the caval opening (T8) in the diaphragm transmit (2)

A
  1. Inferior vena cava
  2. Right phrenic nerve
    *I8
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19
Q

What does the esophageal hiatus (T10) transmit (2)

A
  1. Esophagus
  2. Anterior and posterior trunks of vagus
    *10 eggs
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20
Q

What does the aortic hiatus (T12) transmit (3)

A
  1. Aorta
  2. Azygous vein
  3. Thoracic duct
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21
Q

What are the 3 intercostal layers

A
  1. External
  2. Internal
  3. Innermost
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22
Q

What are 4 characteristics of the external intercostals

A
23
Q

What are the 4 characteristics of the internal intercostals

A
24
Q

What are the 2 characteristics of the innermost intercostals

A
25
Q

What are the 5 accessory muscles of the ribs

A

**Note serratus posterior is not in image because its on the posterior aspect

26
Q

What nerve (and cervical branches) is involved in the sensory and motor innervation of the diaphragm

A

Phrenic nerve (C3, C4, C5 keeps the diaphragm alive)

27
Q

What is the 3 major blood supplies of the diaphragm

A
  1. Internal thoracic artery -> branches into pericardiophrenic arteries and musculophrenic arteries
  2. Thoracic artery -> branches into superior phrenic arteries
  3. Abdominal aorta -> branches into inferior phrenic arteries
28
Q

What is the 2 major blood supplies to the thoracic wall and their branches

A
29
Q

What does the internal thoracic artery also supply

A

Skin, fascia, muscles and bones

30
Q

What is the neurovascular bundle formed by and where is it found

A

Neurovascular bundle is formed by the intercostal vein, artery, and nerve which lie in the costal groove found on inferior surface of the ribs

31
Q

Is the vein, artery or nerve most likely to get damaged in the neurovascular bond of the intercostals and why?

A

Nerve is most likely to get damaged because it is in the muscular region and is not protected by the intercostal groove

32
Q

What is the location of the lungs and pleura

A

They are 2-3 cm into root of neck, contacted by diaphragm inferiorly and lateral to mediastinum (heart, great vessels, esophagus and trachea), and are protected by the thoracic skeleton (ribs, sternum, thoracic vertebrae, clavicle)

33
Q

What is the relationship between lungs and pleura

A

Lungs are outside of, but surrounded by the pleural sac

34
Q

What are the 2 layers of the pleural sac and what do they line

A
35
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Potential space between parietal and visceral layers that is filled with serous fluid

36
Q

What are the 4 regions of the parietal pleura and what do they cover

A
37
Q

What is the visceral pleura

A

The pleura that surrounds the lungs

38
Q

What are the lines of pleural reflection

A

These are spaces that create recesses based on where the lungs and pleura turn

39
Q

What are the 2 recesses between the lungs and pleura and their location

A
40
Q

What are the 3 lines we anatomically use to divide the chest during palpation

A
  1. Mid-clavicular line
  2. Mid-axillary line
  3. Vertebral line
41
Q

What rib does the pleura and lung of the mid-clavicular align with

A

Pleura - 8th
Lung - 6th

42
Q

What rib does the pleura and lung of the mid-axillary line align with

A

Pleura - 10th
Lung - 8th

43
Q

What rib does the pleura and lung of the vertebral line align with

A

Pleura - 12th
Lung - 10th

44
Q

What are fissures in the lungs

A

They separate the lobes

45
Q

What are the 4 surfaces of the lungs

A
  1. Costal
  2. Diaphragmatic
  3. Mediastinal
  4. Apex
46
Q

How many lobes is in the right and left lungs and what are the 2 fissures of the lungs

A
47
Q

What is the hilum and what 4 structures enter through it

A
48
Q

Label the right lung at hilum

A
49
Q

Label the left lung at hilum

A
50
Q

The trachea is made up of what 2 things

A
  1. Cartilaginous rings anteriorly
  2. Trachealis (muscle) posteriorly
51
Q

What is the name of where the trachea divides into the right and left bronchi

A

Carina

52
Q

Why is the trachea made of muscle posteriorly

A

Esophagus is posterior to trachealis and needs to be musculature to allow esophagus to bulge when we eat to allow food to make its way down. If not we would cause compression against cervical spine.

53
Q

Describe the structure of the bronchi and what it is broken up into structurally

A

PT9121 - Acute Care 1 (40 decks)

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