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Science 8 > CH 4 Short Answer > Flashcards

CH 4 Short Answer Flashcards

1
Q

What is the differnece between living and non living things (6.5)

A

• Living things produce waste

• Living things grow in size, reproduce, and are able to repair themselves

• Living things require energy.

• Living things respond to changes in their environment.

• Living things have a lifespan.

• All Living things are made up of 1 or more cells

Non-living things do NOT

Complex Scientific terms

Living things have Homostatis, metabolism, reproduction, response to stimuli, organization, evolution

Non-living things do NOT have Homostatis, metabolism, reproduction, response to stimuli, organization, evolution

Basic Examples:

living things have cells, non-living things dont have cells
living things have energy, non-living things dont have energy

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2
Q

What are characteristics of living things? (6)

A

• Living things produce waste

• Living things grow in size, reproduce, and are able to repair themselves

• Living things require energy.

• Living things respond to changes in their environment.

• Living things have a lifespan.

• All Living things are made up of 1 or more cells

Complex Science terms: Homostatis, metabolism, reproduction, response to stimuli, organization, evolution

Basic Terms: Energy, Water, Sunlight, Food, Air

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3
Q

What are characteristics of non-living things?

A

Non-livings things do not exhibit any characteristics of life.

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4
Q

Explain why Living things grow in size, reproduce, and are able to repair themselves -Chart 1

A

• Plants and animals increase in size as they grow older.
• Living things produce offspring.
• Living things repair worn or injured parts.

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5
Q

Explain why Living things require energy -Chart 1

A

• Plants obtain energy from sunlight.
• Animals eat plants, other animals, or both to obtain energy.

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6
Q

Explain why Living things respond to changes in their environment -Chart 1

A

• Animals try to escape from predators.
• Plants grow roots in the direction of moist soil.

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7
Q

Explain why Living things have a lifespan -Chart 1

A

• Living things have a life cycle. Humans, for example, grow old and eventually die.

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8
Q

Explain why Living things produce waste -Chart 1

A

• Living things produce unusable or unwanted materials that they release to the external environment as waste.

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9
Q

Living things come in what?

A

Living things come in all shapes, colours, and sizes.

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10
Q

All living thing are made up of at least what?

A

All living things are made up of at least one cell

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11
Q

What is the cell?

A

The cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living things.

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12
Q

Humans are made up of how many cells?

A

Humans are made up of about 50 trillion cells, your finger has about 10 billion cells

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13
Q

What are some examples of less known living things?

A

mushrooms, seaweed, and tiny, invisible creatures like bacteria.

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14
Q

Life is what?

A

Life is everywhere

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15
Q

Explain Why All Living things are made up of 1 or more cells -Chart 1

A

Cells are the basic structural and functional unit of all living things. Living things are made up of one or more cells

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16
Q

What is the Cell Theory?

A
  1. All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
  2. The cell is the most basic unit of life
  3. All cells arise only from pre-existing cells (hardest to prove)
17
Q

The Cell Theory Is What?

A

The Cell Theory is constanly evolving

18
Q

What are the 3 types of microscopes and their uses?

A

Compound Light Microscope: This microscope is commonly called the compound light microscope because it uses lenses and a light source to magnify the specimen.

Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM): The lenses are magnetic. As the electron beam passes through the specimen, some of the electrons are refelected or change direction. The electrons that pass through the specimen produce an electron micrograph (2D)

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM): The SEM uses the electrons that are reflected or scattered to produce the image of the specimen. The result is a 3D Image

19
Q

How do you calculate the magnification of a microscope?

A

ocular lens magnification x objective lens magnification

20
Q

What is the difference betwen plant and animal cells?

A

Plant cells contain a cell wall and chloroplast and animal cells do NOT have a cell wall and chloroplast

21
Q

What is the The Compound Light Microscope?

A

This microscope is commonly called the compound light microscope because it uses lenses and a light source to magnify the specimen.

22
Q

What is the most Common Microscope and Why?

A

The compound light microscope is the most common and versatile type of microscope today. It is easy to use and relatively inexpensive.

23
Q

How is Magnification of a specimen achieved?

A

In microscopy, magnification of a specimen is achieved using a lens system.

24
Q

The amount by which a specimen is magnified can be expressed as what?

A

The amount by which a specimen is magnified can be expressed as a number.

25
Q

Compound microscopes use what?

A

Compound microscopes use two lenses to magnify a specimen—an ocular lens and an objective lens.

26
Q

The Ocular lens commonly magnifies how many times?

A

The ocular lens commonly magnifies 10 times (10x).

27
Q

The Three Objective lenses commonly magnifies how many times? Low, Medium, High

A

4× (low-power objective lens)
10× (medium-power objective lens)
40× (high-power objective lens).

28
Q

How is the total magnification determined by?

A

The total magnification is determined by multiplying the magnification of the ocular lens by the magnification of the objective lens being used.

ocular lens magnification x objective lens magnification

29
Q

The compound microscope is what?

A

The compound microscope is a delicate instrument that needs to be used safely.

30
Q

What is the field of view?

A

When you look through the ocular lens of a microscope, you see a circular area in which the enlarged image of the specimen can be viewed.

31
Q

The diameter of the field _______ as you use more powerful senses to view a specimen

A

The diameter of the field decreases as you use more powerful lenses to view a specimen.

32
Q

What is Biological Drawings?

A

To accurately record observations, scientists draw a circle to represent the field of view. Next, they draw what they see through the microscope in the circle. They label the total magnification and use straight, horizontal lines to label any visible structures. Biological drawings are drawn with firm, short strokes and are usually two-dimensional. To keep the drawing simple, scientists use dots called “stipple” instead of shading

33
Q

The total magnification _______ and the componets of the speciemn appear _____ (_____), but a _____ portion of the specimen is _____.

A

The total magnification increases and the components of the specimen appear larger (magnified), but a smaller portion of the specimen is seen.

34
Q

A larger portion of a specimen is seem under ____ ____, scientists use ____ ____ to ______ ___ ______. When they see an area they are intrested in, they switch to ______ _______ to see more detail.

A

Since a larger portion of a specimen is seen under low power, scientists use low power to scan a specimen. When they see an area they are interested in, they switch to higher powers to see more detail.

35
Q

Coarse knob move more what?

A

Coarse knob move more dramatically

36
Q

Fine knob moves in what?

A

Fine knob moves in smaller incraments

37
Q

What are the Disadvantages of Electron Microscopes?

A

They are large machines, require trainning, and are very expensive. The specimens also have a lot of preperation

38
Q

Where are Electron microscopes used?

A

Electron microscopes are used in science laboratories and in many industries, such as forensics, nanotechnology, and mining

Science 8 (26 decks)

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