Diabetes Insipidus and SIADH Flashcards
excess ADH, leading to water retention, and dilutional hyponatremia and decreased osmolality
SIADH
what is a common late complication of transsphenoidal pituitary surgery?
SIADH
a patient presents with decreased urine output, n/v, lethargy/weakness, changes in neurological status, muscle cramps, weight gain w/out edema, and hypertension. what are they likely experiencing?
SIADH
what are symptoms of n/v, lethargy/weakness, and changes in neurological status due to, in SIADH?
cerebral edema - cells in extracellular space swelling with fluid
a patient presents with increased plasma ADH, hyponatremia, serum hypoosmolality, increased urine osmolality, and increased urine specific gravity. what are they likely experiencing?
SIADH
what is the treatment goal for SIADH?
treat underlying cause
what is the main acute treatment for SIADH?
fluid restriction
in a patient with SIADH, how can we treat hyponatremia?
hypertonic IV solution or salt tablets
in a patient with SIADH, how can we treat the increased urine osmolality?
loop diuretics
in a patient with SIADH, how can we treat the hypertension? (2)
vasopressin receptor antagonist:
conivaptan
tolvaptan
decreased release of ADH that leads to hypovolemia and dehydration
central diabetes insipidus
what is the most common cause of central diabetes insipidus?
idiopathic
a patient presents with polyuria, polydipsia, nocturia, dry skin and mucous membranes, and +/- hypotension. what are they likely experiencing?
diabetes insipidus
a patient presents with hypernatremia, serum hyperosmolality, urine output >3L/day, decreased urine specific gravity and urine osmolality, and decreased plasma ADH. what are they likely experiencing?
central diabetes insipidus
what can be ordered in a patient with suspected diabetes insipidus?
24-hr urine collection
