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ANS overview Flashcards

1
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

SNS
fight or flight response

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2
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system

A

PSNS
rest and digest response

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3
Q

regulation of ANS

A

-regulation of the activity of smooth and cardiac muscle, glands, lymphoid and some adipose tissue

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3
Q

Parasympathetic vs sympathetic actions

A

often opposing but not always

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4
Q

autonomic tone of ANS

A

involuntary, meaning that these pathways tend to be active to some degree at rest

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5
Q

somatic nervous system

A

controls skeletal muscles and mostly voluntary

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6
Q

what is the anatomy of the ANS

A

-2 neuron path

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7
Q

ganglia

A

group of cell bodies outside of CNS

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8
Q

First neuron

A

-CNS
-preganglionic neuron
-located in CNS
-projects to the autonomic ganglia

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8
Q

second neuron

A

-peripheral
-postganglionic neuron
-located outside of the CNS in the autonomic ganglia
-projects to the target organ

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9
Q

primary transmitter of all preganglionic neurons

A

acetylcholine

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10
Q

transmitter in all ___________ neurons is acetylcholine

A

PSNS postganglionic

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11
Q

transmitter in most SNS postganglionic neuron is

A

norepinephrine

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12
Q

other places we have ACh, epinephrine, and dopamine

A

ACh- sweat glands
-epinephrine- adrenal medulla
-dopamine- renal vasculature

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13
Q

PSNS postganglionic neurons

A

-short
-synapse on the target cell
-release ACh to activate muscarinic receptor on the target organ

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13
Q

PSNS preganglionic neurons

A

-long
-synapse with postganglionic neurons at or near organ
-release ACh to activate nicotinic receptors on postganglionic neurons

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14
Q

SNS preganglionic neuron

A

-short
-synapse with postganglionic neuron near spinal cord
-release ACh to activate nicotinic receptors on postganglionic neurons

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15
Q

spinal cord is also called

A

paraverterbral sympathetic ganglion

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16
Q

SNS postganglionic neuron

A

-long
-synapse on the target organ
-release norepinephrine to activate adrenergic receptors on target organs

17
Q

exceptions in the SNS sweat glands

A

-postganglionic neurons involved with stress-related excretion release norepinephrine (sweaty palms)
-postganglionic neurons involved with thermoregulation release ACh

18
Q

exceptions in the SNS adrenal glands

A

-preganglionic neurons do not synapse in the paraverterbral sympathetic ganglion
-preganglionic neurons synapse directly on the adrenal gland, release ACh, and activate nicotinic receptors on the adrenal gland
-adrenal glands release epinephrine into systemic circulation

19
Q

exceptions in SNS kidneys

A

-affected by dopamine (mainly synthesized locally, not ANS)

20
Q

most postganglionic SNS release with neurotransmitter?

A

Norepinephrine

21
Q

neuron types of the PSNS

A

cholinergic
-Acetylcholine (endogenous)
-muscarine (exogenous)
-nicotine (exogenous)

22
Q

neuron types in SNS

A

adrenergic
-norepinephrine (noradrenaline, endogenous)
-epinephrine (adrenaline, endogenous)

23
Q

influence of drugs on ANS

A

-mimic or block the effects of the two primary neurotransmitters (acetylcholine and norepinephrine/ epinephrine)

24
Q

drugs that mimic neurotransmitters are referred to as

A

-receptor agonists
-these drugs activate receptors

25
Q

drugs that block neurotransmitters are referred to as

A

-receptor antagonist
-these drugs block the endogenous neurotransmitters from activating receptors

26
Q

classification of drugs that PSNS mimic acetylcholine

A

-cholinergic
-muscarinic agonist
-parasympathmimetic

27
Q

classification of drugs that PSNS block acetylcholine

A

-anticholinergic
-muscarinic antagonist
-parasympatholytic

28
Q

classification of drugs that SNS mimic norepinephrine

A

-adrenergic
-adrenergic agonist
-sympathomimetic

29
Q

classification of drugs that SNS block norepinephrine

A

-antiadrenergic
-adrenergic antagonist
-sympatholytic

30
Q

cholinoceptors

A

nicotinic - Nw,Nn
muscarinic - M1, M2, M3

31
Q

adrenoceptors

A

alpha - a1, a2
beta - B1, B2, B3

32
Q

nicotinic receptors

A

-ganglionic, skeletal muscles, neuronal CNS
-Na+ Ion Channel
-5 subunits ionotropic ligand-gated Na+ channels
-Opening leads to depolarization of membrane
-Lead to opening of voltage-gated sodium channels to produce action potential
-Selectively activated by nicotine (exogenous)

33
Q

muscarinic receptors

A

-M1,M3, M5 (signal via Gq pathway– IP3–>mobilize Ca++ from intracellular stores. DAG, activate protein kinase C)
-M2, M4 (signal via G1 pathway)

34
Q

alpha 1 receptors

A

-signal via Gq pathway
-mediates vasoconstriction
-IP3—-> mobilize Ca++ from intracellular stores
-DAG –> activates protein kinase C
-tissue distribution (vascular smooth muscle, genitourinary smooth muscle, intestinal smooth muscle, heart, liver)

35
Q

alpha 2 receptor

A

-signal through Gi
-inhibit adenylyl cyclase
-reduced cAMP- dependent protein kinase activity
-activate certain K+ channels
-found pre-synaptically and function as autoreceptors to inhibit sympathetic output: results in decreased transmitter release

36
Q

beta receptos

A

-signal through Gs
-activate adenylyl cyclase
-increase cAMP leading to protein kinase activation
-results in phosphorylation of ion channels and other proteins

37
Q

pupilary constriction

A

(miosis)
circular muscle is constricted by activation of parasympathetic nerves (M3)

38
Q

pupillary dilation

A

(mydriasis)
radial muscle is constricted by activation of sympathetic nerves (a1)

38
Q

iris

A

ring of muscles oriented in two different ways whose activity determines the amount of light entering the eye through the pupil

39
Q

glaucoma

A

increased intraocular pressure:
decreased outflow through trabecular network
increased secretion from ciliary body epithelium

40
Q

ciliary muscle

A

-M3 agonist, pilocarpine
-contraction facilitates outflow of aqueous humor
-decreases intraocular pressure

41
Q

ciliary body

A

-alpha 2 agonist, brimonidine
-inhibit production and increase outflow of aqueous humor
-decrease intraocular pressure

42
Q

ciliary epithelium

A

-NE-beta
-secretion of aqueous humor
-beta antagonist (timolol)
-decrease intraocular pressure

pt (17 decks)

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