C4 Muscles Review

Question 1

Describe smooth muscle tissue

Answer 1

-Non striated
-1 nucleus
-tapered
-involuntary
-function is slow long contractions
-e.g. esophagus, blood vessels

Question 2

Describe cardiac muscle tissue

Answer 2

-Striated
-1 nucleus
-branched
-involuntary
-function is contraction of heart
-e.g. heart

Question 3

Describe skeletal muscle tissue

Answer 3

-striated
-many nuclei
-tubular
-voluntary
-function is moves the skeletal
-e.g. bicep, hamstring

Question 4

What are the functions of skeletal muscles

Answer 4

1. Support the body: contractions oppose the force of gravity
2. Make the skeleton move
3. Maintain constant body temp: contraction uses ATP which releases heat
4. Protects internal organs and help to stabilize joints

Question 5

What is a tendon?

Answer 5

-Heavy band of tissue
-attaches the ends of muscle to bone

Question 6

Describe muscle

Answer 6

-A cluster of bundled muscle fibers
-each muscle has a layer of connective tissue
-each fiber has a layer of connective tissue
-nerves and blood vessels run through each muscle

Question 7

What are myofibrils?

Answer 7

-Organized bundle of myofilaments

Question 8

What are myofilaments?

Answer 8

-Contain protein filaments that are responsible for muscle contraction
-thick filaments: bundles of proteins called myosin
-thin filaments: strands of protein called actin

Question 9

What is myoglobin?

Answer 9

-Oxygen binding pigment (stores oxygen for use during muscle contractions)
-one of the organelles contained in muscle fibers

Question 10

What is sacrolemma?

Answer 10

-Membrane of a muscle fiber (like cell membrane)
-one of the organelles contained in muscle fibers

Question 11

What is sacroplasm?

Answer 11

-Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber
-one of the organelles contained in muscle fibers

Question 12

What is sacroplasmic reticulum

Answer 12

-Smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a muscle fiber (stores calcium ions needed for muscle contraction)
-one of the organelles contained in muscle fibers

Question 13

What is tropomyosin?

Answer 13

-A protein which blocks myosin from attaching to an actin filament
-troposin: inhibits tropomyosin (remove)
-calcium is stored in the sacroplasmic reticulum and is released by nerve stimulation

Question 14

What is actin myofilament?

Answer 14

-2 long beads of protein wound around each other

Question 15

What is myosin myofilament?

Answer 15

-Protein molecules wound around each other with a double headed globular region

Question 16

Describe the sliding filament model

Answer 16

-Sliding of actin past myosin
-actin is anchored at one end of each myofilament (Z-lines: a position in striated muscle tissue)
-movement of actin pulls the Z-line
-Z-line moves toward the myosin