Exam qs

Question 1

Two ways a person can reduce chance of developing type 2 diabetes

Answer 1

Eat less fat / eat carbohydrate controlled diet

More regular Exercise

Question 2

Reflex action

Answer 2

Receptors detect stimuli
Which generate electrical imoulsed passed along sensory neurone to the spinal cord ( CNS )
chemicals diffuse across synapse causing release of neurotransmitters
binding to receptors in relay neurone
Same happens at synapse between rarely and motor
Motor neurone takes to effector where response happens
Muscle contracts

Question 3

Explain how pituitary gland and kidneys reduce water loss

Answer 3

Higher conc of blood causes more ADH release so lower water conc
ADH causes increased permeability of kidney tubules
So increased water reabsorption

Question 4

Why kidney transplant tus better method of treatment than dialysis

Answer 4

Less chance of infection from needless constantly puncturing the skin

Change in conc / levels of urea ( stable )
Do less chance of damaging body cells

Question 5

Why computer programme more valid then dropping ruler

Answer 5

No indication beforehand when will happen
Measurement more precise resolution

Question 6

Why conscious action takes longer than a reflex

Answer 6

Impulse had to travel to Brain and back

Question 7

Explain how carbon is recycled into the growth of new leaves

Answer 7

Dead leaves broken down by microorganisms which respire and remade carbon from leaves as C02

Photosynthesis uses C02
Plantsthat take in that CO2 released to use in photosynthesis to produce glucose
Then used to make amino acids and proteins for growth of new cells

Question 8

Why is a fermenter sterilised beforehand

Answer 8

Prevent cross contamination
Make toxins , pathogens to kill fungus

Question 9

Why fusarium needs glucose and oxygen

Answer 9

Respiration and growth
To release energy

Question 10

Why is it useful for bubbles of air to move around inside fermenter

Answer 10

Mixes solution
Gets rid of enough CO 2

Question 11

Why all parts of biomass is less

Answer 11

Lost due to respiration
Excretion in faeces

Question 12

Two uses of water in plants

Answer 12

Translocation

Transport nutrients / minerals

Question 13

Why it’s more energy effiencybto rest cows outdoors

Answer 13

Close together less energy lost as heat to stay warm
No movement less energy lost to motion

Question 14

A person with Type 2 diabetes often has a higher blood insulin concentration than a non-diabetic person.
Explain why.

Answer 14

cells / liver / muscles absorb less glucose
(so) glucose concentration in blood remains high causes) pancreas to release more insulin

Question 15

Marathon runners often drink sports drinks during a race.
Explain why.

Answer 15

to replace waler / ions / salt
1
•(that is) lost in sweat

Question 16

Explain what effect the changing concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could have on living organisms.

Answer 16

• global warming
• plants photosynthesise faster
  ○ due to more CO2,due to higher temperature
• temperature rise causes changes in rainfall patterns or extreme weather conditions such as storms- less rainfall causes desertification,many plant species die out,many animal species lack food and die
  ○ other (drought-adapted) plants become more common
• more rainfall causes flooding
  ○ loss of habitat
  ○ may lead to extinction
• temperature rise melts (polar) ice caps or glaciers
  ○ causes flooding
  ○ loss of habitat
  ○ may lead to extinction

Question 17

Give one biological process that could cause the lower concentration of
carbon dioxide in the summer.

Answer 17

PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Question 18

Describe how the algae (producer )get energy.

Answer 18

from light / sunlight
absorbed by chlorophyll / chloroplasts

Question 19

The biomass of mackerel is much less than the combined biomass of krill
and squid.
One reason for this is that the mackerel cannot digest all parts of the krill and squid.
Give two other reasons.

Answer 19

respiration

excretion

Question 20

Describe two reasons why the biomass of the insects eaten by dogs does not all become biomass of the dogs.

Answer 20

not all parts (of insects) are absorbed / digested (by dog)

urea from excretion

carbon dioxide from respiration

Question 21

(c) Explain how making dog food from insects could improve human food security in the future.

Answer 21

less land required
(so) more space for crops

less methane (from animals) therefore less global warming
therefore) less harmful effects of global warming on (human) food production

Question 22

Suggest the temperature at which Fusarium grows fastest.

Answer 22

30 DEGREES