LO4 KEY WORDS

Question 1

what is the muscle that is contracting/shortening called?

Answer 1

agonist

Question 2

what is the muscle that is relaxing/lengthening called?

Answer 2

antagonist

Question 3

what are muscles that work together called?

Answer 3

antagonistic pairs

Question 4

what is the name of the disease causing painful inflammation and stiffness of the joints? there are 2 types

Answer 4

arthritis

Question 5

what is the name of key hole surgery that cleans debris from a joint, usually the knee?

Answer 5

arthroscopy

Question 6

what is the name for joint replacement surgery?

Answer 6

arthroplasty

Question 7

what is bone mass?

Answer 7

a measure of the amount of minerals (mostly calcium and phosphorous) contained in a certain volume of bone.

bone mass measurements are used to diagnose osteoporosis, to see how well the treatments are working and predict how likely the bones are to break

Question 8

what is cartilage?

Answer 8

a strong, flexible connective tissue found in many areas of the body, such as in joints between bones and between the vertebrae in the spine

Question 9

what is a fracture?

Answer 9

a partial or complete break in the bone

Question 10

what is a joint?

Answer 10

formed of tissue and cartilage and is the area where 2 or more bones connect

its main function is to enable a part of the body to move

there are 4 types of joints

Question 11

what is a ligament?

Answer 11

the tissue that connects bones or cartilages together

Question 12

what is menopause?

Answer 12

when a woman stops having periods

during this time the hormone oestrogen declines

Question 13

what are muscles?

Answer 13

tissues that consist of fibres that are responsible for moving different parts of the body

muscles move by contracting and relaxing

there are 3 types - visceral (inside organs), cardiac (in the heart) and skeletal (attached to bones)

Question 14

what is oestrogen?

Answer 14

a hormone that promotes the formation of bone

it decreases after the menopause

Question 15

what is osteoarthritis?

Answer 15

the most common form of arthritis

occurs most frequently in hands, hips and knees

Question 16

what is osteoporosis?

Answer 16

a condition that causes the bones to fracture more easily

it is caused by loss of tissue that leads to bones becoming more brittle and fragile

Question 17

what is an osteotomy?

Answer 17

the cutting and realigning of a bone

Question 18

what is physiotherapy?

Answer 18

the treatment of injury, illness or disability by physical methods such as through massage and exercise

Question 19

what is rheumatoid arthritis?

Answer 19

a chronic, progressive disease causing inflammation in the joints and resulting in painful deformity and immobility, especially in the fingers, wrists, feet and ankles.

Question 20

what are steroids?

Answer 20

anti-inflammatory medicines used to treat a range of conditions

Question 21

what is a synovial joint?

Answer 21

the most common type of joint in the body.

they provide movement and stability

Question 22

what is a synovial capsule?

Answer 22

a cavity that contains synovial fluid that is located between the surfaces of joints and is attached to the bones.

it protects the joints from too much movement.

Question 23

what is synovial fluid?

Answer 23

a fluid located within the cavities of synovial joints.

it lubricates the joints and helps to reduce friction during movement

Question 24

what is a tendon?

Answer 24

strong, fibrous tissue that attaches muscles to bones.

also attaches to structures in the body such as the eye.

its main function is to move the bone or structure

Question 25

what is a transverse section of bone?

Answer 25

the image through the bone as though you were looking at it from the top across the middle.

Question 26

what is a vertical section of bone?

Answer 26

the image of the bone as though you had cut from the top to the bottom looking at it from the side.