Networking Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

One-to-one transmission

A

Unicast

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2
Q

One-to-some transmission

A

Mutlicast

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3
Q

One-to-all transmission

A

Broadcast

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4
Q

PDU at the Application, Presentation, and Session layer

A

Data

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5
Q

PDU at the Transport layer

A

Segment (TCP) / Datagram (UDP)

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6
Q

PDU at the Network layer

A

Packet

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7
Q

PDU at the Data-Link layer

A

Frame

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8
Q

PDU at the Physical layer

A

Bit

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9
Q

TCP/IP Model

A

Application
Transport
Internet
Link

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10
Q

Three-way handshake to establish session

A

SYN-SYN/ACK-ACK

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11
Q

Four-way handshake to close session

A

FIN-ACK-FIN-ACK

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12
Q

TCP flag “URG”

A

Tell receiver to prioritize this data

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13
Q

TCP flag “ACK”

A

Acknowledge all TCP segments

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14
Q

TCP flag “PSH”

A

Tells receiver to directly send this data to the application

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15
Q

TCP flag “RST”

A

Tells receiver that the sender has abruptly ended the conversation

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16
Q

TCP flag “SYN”

A

Used in three-way handshake to start conversation

17
Q

TCP flag “FIN”

A

Used in four-way handshake to end conversation

18
Q

Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP)

A

An error-reporting protocol used by network devices

Used by ping and traceroute

19
Q

Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)

A

Used to map addresses to IP addresses

Sends layer 2 broadcast querying all listening nodes

Mappings are temporarily stored in the devices ARP cache

Does not have assigned protocol numbers

20
Q

Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)

A

Internal network used by service providers to create private WAN links for customers

Directs traffic from one node to the next based on short labels instead of long network addresses

Used to speed up the flow of traffic in a network to ensure reliable delivery of data packets

21
Q

Software Defined WAN (SD-WAN)

A

Software-defined approach to managing the WAN

Evolved out of MPLS

22
Q

SD-WAN Architecture

A

Orchestrator - Optional master software that coordinates multiple SD-WANs

Control Plane - Centralized software that manages the SD-WAN

Forwarding Plane - The physical part of the SD-WAN

Edge - Where network endpoints reside

23
Q

Multipoint Generic Routing Encapsulation (mGRE)

A

Point-to-multipoint tunneling between routers

Used in MPLS and SD-WAN networks

23
Q

Tunneling

A

To hide a packet inside a packet so it can be transmitted across a certain type of network

23
Q

Demarcation

A

Where outside phone-internet services connects to inside wiring

23
Q

Smart Jack

A

Placed between demark and customer wiring

Used for remote line diagnostics

24
Q

vSwitch

A

Provides switch functionality to virtual machines (VMs)

A host can have many vSwitches, connecting groups of VMs together

24
Q

Virtual network Interface Card (vNIC)

A

The network interface that allows a VM to connect to a vSwitch

25
Q

Hypervisor

A

A layer of functionality in the host that allows virtual devices to share the hosts physical hardware

26
Q

Satellite Link

A

Used when other connection types not available

One satellite covers a large area

27
Q

Digital Subscriber Line Link (DSL)

A

Uses existing telephone landline

Requires special modem and user authentication

28
Q

Cable Link

A

Uses existing cable TV network

29
Q

Leased Line Link

A

Dedicated to a single customer

30
Q

Metro-optical Link

A

Optical fibre connecting to providers MAN