Generalist vs Specialist Species Flashcards

1
Q

delegate

A

people who represent voters and officially elected candidate at the national convention

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2
Q

party convention

A

officially nominate the party’s presidential candidate;; formally adopt a party platform

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3
Q

electoral college

A

the people who officially elect the president

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4
Q

a states number of electoral votes

A

of Representatives + senators

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5
Q

winner-take-all

A

48 states give all their electoral votes to the candidate who receives the most votes in their state

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6
Q

swing/battleground states

A

candidates focus on competitive states, ideally with a higher number of electoral votes
politicians focus on these states

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7
Q

why the electoral college?

A

result of negotiation and compromise
framers of democracy didn’t trust the people
example of elite democracy

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8
Q

Pro-Electoral college

A

states retain a role in selecting the president
ensures geographic balance
guards against the mob rule

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9
Q

Ant-electoral college

A

Places too much emphasis on swing states
undemocratic because it ignores the popular vote
discourages third-parties

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10
Q

removing the electoral college would required

A

a constitutional amendment

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11
Q

incumbency advantage

A

sitting president more likely to defeat challenger
campaign experience
network of donors
already seems “presidential”
bully pulpit (communicating with the American people through the media coverage of presidential events

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

Voter turnout is higher when

A

In election years

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14
Q

Midpoint elections occur at the midpoint of

A

the presidents term

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15
Q

Midterms have

A

lower voter turnout
More partisan/ideological voters

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16
Q

president’s party usually

A

loses seats in the midterms

17
Q

Incumbency advantage

A

The incumbent wins re election over 90% of the time
incumbency advantage in Congressional elections
good indicator of who wins congressional elections senates as well but congressional is stronger

18
Q

casework

A

constituent (people in their hometown) service and assistance

19
Q

why vote for the incumbent

A

name recognition and media visibility
franking privilege (congressman can send mail for free)
More PAC contributions
gerrymandered districts

20
Q

Political consultants

A

Professionals hired by campaigns to develop media strategy, fundraising, research, and polling
rising campaign costs and intensive fundraising efforts

21
Q

1Invisible primary

A

2 fully years before the election potential candidates start making speeches, fundraising, and hiring a staff

22
Q

Announce candidacy

A

6 months to a year before the first primary candidates begin announcing their candidacy and participate in primary debates

23
Q

Primary Debates and Elections

A

typically from January to June of the election year until the candidate wins the nomination and is officially chosen as the party’s candidate at the party convention in August

24
Q

General Election

A

Tons of travel and advertising takes place
the election is on the Tuesday after the first Monday on November

25
Q
A
26
Q

Hard Money

A

Contributions made directly to a candidate
strictly regulated

27
Q

Soft Money

A

Contributed to political parties for party-building purposes ‘unlimited and restricted

28
Q

independent expenditures

A

Money spend independently of a candidate to support a candidate

29
Q

Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act BCRA (2002)

A

Banned soft money
attempted to reduce attack ads with “stand by your ad” provision
banned independent corporate-sponsored ads in the days before an election
banned direct contributions to candidates from corporations and unions

30
Q

Citizens United v F.E.C

A

Political spending by corporations and labor unions is form of protected speech under the first amendment
struck down soft money ban
and ban on timing of independent political ads

31
Q

Citizens United v F.E.C (2010)

A

Upheld “Stand by your ad” and Ban on Direct Corporate Contributions