London

Question 1

How does London have internal and international accessibility?

Answer 1

London has great importance due to its high connectivity. It has an orbital motorway (M25) and a series of motorways linking it with the other major centres in the UK.

It has 5 international airports and the business airport of
Heathrow has five terminals.

Question 2

How has London become a world network of financial centres?

Answer 2

London has become the international financial
centre for Europe and is one of three world financial cities alongside New York and
Tokyo. Many global banks have headquarters here including HSBC and Barclays.

Question 3

How has migration impacted London?

Answer 3

London has also been greatly affected by migration. In 2015 its population reached 8.6
million. The large number of financial and knowledge-based job opportunities has attracted
people from elsewhere in the UK and the rest of the world. In 2011 38% of London’s
population were born abroad.

Question 4

What are some of the problems of London?

Answer 4

Traffic and pollution:
Due to high population increasing from urbanisation and re-urbanisation, more and more
traffic occurs. This leads to congestion and increases pollution due to more cars and
motorbikes

Question 5

How is London tackling its pollution problem?

Answer 5

The congestion charge zone (CCZ) is an initiative that helps to prevent congestion and traffic
in the city centre. Any motor vehicle passing through the congestion charge zone is charged
with a fee.

Question 6

Pros of ULEZ

Answer 6

This reduces congestion, therefore less time is wasted and costs businesses less,
reduces pollution, makes the city centre more attractive

Question 7

Cons of ULEZ

Answer 7

Unfortunately it has caused a rise in false number plates to avoid paying tax.

Question 8

Is ULEZ sustainable?

Answer 8

• Is trying to reduce the overall number of polluting cars and therefore, unlike building
  new roads which just continue to encourage driving, this is steadily trying to reduce
  the main cause of congestion.

there is still the issue of congestion as it hasn’t yet led to dramatic decreases in car
usage as many companies who use HGVs and vans just pass costs on to consumers.