data interpretation

Question 1

causes of hypernatraemia

Answer 1

all start with d
- dehydration
- drips
- drugs
- diabetes insipidus

Question 2

neutrophil count caused by clozapine

Answer 2

low

Question 3

neutrophil count caused by carbimazole

Answer 3

low

Question 4

platelet count caused by penicillamine

Answer 4

low

Question 5

platelet count caused by heparin

Answer 5

low

Question 6

causes of SIADH

Answer 6

SIADH
- small cell lung tumour
- infection
- abscess
- drugs - carbamezepine
- head injury

Question 7

hypokalemia drugs

Answer 7

DIRE
- drugs - loop and thiazide diuretics
- inadequate intake/loss (diarrhoea)
- renal tubular acidosis
- endocrine (cushings)

Question 8

hyperkalaemia

Answer 8

DREAD
- drugs - potassium sparking and ACE
- renal failure
- endocrine (Addisons)
- artefact (clotted)
- DKA

Question 9

raised urea indicates

Answer 9

kidney injury
upper GI bleed

Question 10

raised bilirubin on its own indicates

Answer 10

prehepatic jaundice

Question 11

raised bilirubin and raised AST/ALT indicates

Answer 11

intrahepatic
- hepatitis
- cirrhosis
- malignancy

Question 12

raised bilirubin and ALP indicates

Answer 12

posthepatic (obstructive)
- stone
- drugs

Question 13

what can cause metabolic alkalosis

Answer 13

vomiting
diuretics
conn syndrome

Question 14

what is preferred instead of morphine in renal failure

Answer 14

oxycodone/fentanyl

Question 15

signs of digoxin toxicity

Answer 15

confusion
nausea
visual halos
arrhythmias

Question 16

signs of lithium toxicity

Answer 16

tremor
tiredness
arrhythmias
seizure
comas

Question 17

signs of phenytoin toxicity

Answer 17

gum hypertrophy
ataxia
nystagmus
tetrogenicity

Question 18

signs of gentamicin toxicity

Answer 18

ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity

Question 19

signs of vancomycin toxicity

Answer 19

ototoxicity
nephrotoxicity

Question 20

how to interpret paracetamol nomogram

Answer 20

if after 4 hours of ingestion that the plasma level is above the line then patient requires N-acetyl cysteine

Question 21

management of paracetamol overdose

Answer 21

N-acetyl cysteine

Question 22

what is a normal INR

Answer 22

1

Question 23

target INR for most patients

Answer 23

2.5

Question 24

what to do if patient has major bleed

Answer 24

stop warfarin
INR >8 give 5-10mg IV vitamin K
give prothrombin complex (beriplex)

Question 25

INR 5-8 with no bleeding what is action

Answer 25

omit warfarin then check INR

Question 26

INR 5-8 with minor bleeding action

Answer 26

omit warfarin and give 1-5mg IV vitamin K

Question 27

INR >8 no bleeding action

Answer 27

omit warfarin
give 1-5mg PO vitamin K

Question 28

INR >8 with bleeding action

Answer 28

omit warfarin
give 1-5mg IV vitamin K

Question 29

can you give trimethoprim in pregnancy

Answer 29

no

Question 30

management of UTI

Answer 30

trimethoprim

Question 31

Addison patient sick day rules

Answer 31

increase steroid

Question 32

bradycardia and on digoxin

Answer 32

stop digoxin

Question 33

mainstay treatment for acute heart failure

Answer 33

furosemide