age and disability sociologists

Question 1

parsons
youth

Answer 1

childhood is a period where socialization into society’s culture takes place. Family has 2 main functions: 1. Primary socialization 2. Stabilization of adult personalities
Argues that adolescence is a time when children begin to develop independence from their parents.

Question 2

griffin
youth

Answer 2

The media portrays youths as a social problem in 3 ways:
1.deviant
2.dysfunctional
3.suffering a deficit

Question 3

heintz-knowles
youth

Answer 3

Content analysis on how children are portrayed in entertainment TV:
-children are motivated by peer relationships and romance
-children from minority groups are underrepresented

Question 4

mcrobbie
youth

Answer 4

Peer groups encourage traditional gender roles through bedroom culture

Question 5

sewell
youth

Answer 5

Peer groups encourage norm breaking behavior and giving status to members who imitate bad role models- rappers and hypermasculinity
cultural comfort zones of boys from matriarchal backgrounds

Question 6

willis
youth

Answer 6

Peer pressure and the hidden curriculum contribute to secondary socialization within education

Question 7

brannen
middle age

Answer 7

Middle aged gen is a pivot generation because they carry the dual burden of caring for their children and parents

Question 8

saunders
middle age

Answer 8

Middle class are targeted by advertising as the group with the highest disposable income and often define their identity by what they own

Question 9

hodkinson
middle age

Answer 9

A sense of belonging could contribute to middle age e.g goths friendship groups and identity developed around being a goth found it hard to detach from it.

Question 10

willis
middle age

Answer 10

Workplace creates a middle age identity. Lads defined themselves as manual workers.

Question 11

mac an ghail
middle age

Answer 11

Once they’d been made redundant from jobs the lads felt a loss of identity and their loss of role as a breadwinner led them to feeling a loss of status and identity

Question 12

parsons
old age

Answer 12

Elderly have less status in society and lose their most important social role within the family. Disengagement theory-when people disengage with their previous roles and harvest the fruit of their labors

Question 13

carrigan and szmigin
old age

Answer 13

Older consumers have grown in number but still less likely to be portrayed in adverts

Question 14

sontag
old age

Answer 14

There is a double standard of aging where women are required to be youthful throughout their media careers and men are not

Question 15

landis
old age

Answer 15

Findings of stereotypes in representations of older people as grumpy, lonely, fiesty, sick

Question 16

clarke and warren
old age

Answer 16

Old age may be a time to make new friends and engage in new interests. Uni of 3rd age.

Question 17

johnson
old age

Answer 17

Ageism occurs in the workplace and is institutionalized and expressed through stereotypical assumptions about a person’s competency to do a job in relation to their age

Question 18

voas
old age

Answer 18

Older people are more likely to identify as religious because:
The generational effect- brought up in a more religious era
The aging effect- people become more spiritual when close to death

Question 19

hockey and james
old age

Answer 19

Age is infantilised and childhood and old age are social constructs and these groups resist their marginalized status

Question 20

featherstone and hepworth
postmodernist

Answer 20

2 processes that have deconstructed the life course:
1. Dedifferentiation e.g surgery and makeup
2. Deinstitutionalisation e.g ‘mask of aging’ messages from the media
They concluded that the baby boomer generation have done much to break down age stereotypes and increase range of identities available to old people

Question 21

blaikie
postmodernist

Answer 21

Attitudes to retirement have changed and stereotypes of old age have broken down. This is party due to consumer culture of old peoples ‘grey £’

Question 22

clarke and warren
postmodernist

Answer 22

active aging

Question 23

shakespeare
disabled

Answer 23

Argues that disabled people are often socialized into seeing themselves as victims and that people with impairments may accept this ‘victim mentality’ to use as a reason for their failure

Question 24

ridley
disabled

Answer 24

Comedian with cerebral palsy. Talks about how people feel awkward around those with disabilities. Talks how not all disabilities are visible.

Question 25

barnes
disabled

Answer 25

Argues that in the mass media representations of disability have generally been oppressive and negative. People with disabilities are rarely presented as people with their own identities

Question 26

gill
disabled

Answer 26

Reconciling your identity as a disabled person is a common hurdle. This could lead to a form of ‘learned helplessness’.

Question 27

murugami
disabled

Answer 27

Argues that a disabled person has the ability to construct a self-identity that accepts their impairment but is independent of it. In order to do this they need to reconstruct what is considered ‘normal’ so they embrace their disability as a part of themselves

Question 28

scrambler
disabled

Answer 28

Disabled people are portrayed in the media as work-shy, scroungers or a burden

Question 29

oliver
disabled

Answer 29

Suggests official definitions attached to disability need to be reclaimed and defined in a positive way