Name the main effector components of the innate and the adaptive immune response

Question 1

What is an immune response?

Answer 1

An immune response is the body’s ability to resist or eliminate potentially harmful foreign materials or abnormal cells

Question 2

Define innate immunity and the components involved

Answer 2

Innate immunity is the 1st line of defence against pathogens, it’s non specific has no memory and acts rapidly. Humans are born with it.
Components include skin, mucous membrane and secretions

Question 3

Define adaptive immunity and the components involved

Answer 3

Adaptive immunity usually comes after innate immunity as it’s the second line of defence against pathogens. After exposure to pathogens, it’s able to develop memory and remember pathogens making it antigen-specific. It also has a lag period as it takes longer to respond.
The components involved are antibodies, cytotoxic lymphocytes, T cells and B cells

Question 4

The outcome of innate response

Answer 4

Upon detection of pathogens the innate system activates cells to attack and destroy the pathogen or to initiate repair while informing and modulating the adaptive immune response that follows

Question 5

Outcome of adaptive response

Answer 5

The innate response calls the adaptive immune responses into play. Adaptive immune response is specific to the pathogen presented which is why it takes longer to come into play as it requires time for antigen-specific T-cells and B-cells to locate their specific foreign antigen, to proliferate and to differentiate into effector cells.