neurons Flashcards
what are neurons?
nerve cells that transmit electrical and chemical messages
what are the three types of neurons?
motor, relay, sensory
what are sensory neurons? + structure
carry information from PNS to CNS.
long dendrites, short axons
what are relay neurons? + structure
carry info from Sensory neurons to motor neurons. Short dendrites, short axons
what are motor neurons? + structure
carry info from CNS to effectors e.g. muscles and glands.
Short dendrites, long axons.
what are the 6 parts of a neuron?
cell body,
dendrite
axon
myelin sheath
nodes of ranvier
axon terminal
what is the function of cell body?
chemical reactions take place, contains nucleus and DNA
what is the function of dendrite?
recieves neurotransmitters that go across synapse
what is the function of axon?
carries electical impulse away from cell body
what is the function of nodes of ranvier?
gaps in myelin sheath, speeds up transmission by creating jumps.
what is the function of myelin sheath?
provides insulatiion for axon, speeds up process and protects axon
what is the function of axon terminal?
neurotransmitters stores, electical impulses turn into chemical.
what neuron is included in the reflex arc?
motor neuron
how does electrical transmission work?
When a neuron is activated by a stimulus, the neuron fires and creates an electrical impulse, called action potential
