Canada's History Flashcards
Pages 14-23
Why did the Europeans first exploring Canada called the natives “Indians”?
Because they thought they had reached the East Indies
What were the main activities of the native people?
Living off the land, hunting, gathering, raising crops
Which native peoples were farmers and hunters?
Huron-Wendat from the Great Lakes region
Iroquois
Which aboriginal people were nomadic?
The Sioux, following the buffalo (bison) herd
Which aboriginal people were hunter-gatherers?
The Cree and Dene
How did the West Coast natives preserved fish?
By drying and smoking
Why was war common among Aboriginal groups?
Because they competed for land, resources and prestige
How did native way of live changed with the arrival of European traders, missionaries, soldiers and colonists?
They died of European diseases
Formed strong economic, religious and military bonds in the first 200 years of existence, laid the foundations of Canada
Who colonized Greenland and reahed Labrador and the island of Newfoundland 1000 years ago and where are the remains of their settlement?
Vikings from Iceland
L’Anse aux Meadows (World Heritage site)
When did European exploration began and with which expedition?
1497
John Cabot, an Italian immigrant to England, the first to draw a map of Canada’s East Coast
When did Jacques Cartier made 3 voyages across the Atlantic and for whom did he claim the land?
1534-1542
King Francis I of France
Where did the name Canada come from and what does it mean?
From two captured guides speaking the Iroquoian word “kanata”, overheard by Jacques Cartier
Village
When did the name of Canada begin appearing on maps?
1550
Where did John Cabot set foot in the expedition of 1497, and what did he claim for England?
Cape Breton Island
The New Founde Land
Who was Jacques Cartier?
First European to explore St. Lawrence river, setting eyes on Quebec City and Montreal
When was the first European settlement norh of Florida was established and by whom?
1604
French explorers Pierre de Monts and Samuel de Champlain
First on St. Croix Island (Maine) and then at Port Royal, Acadia (Nova Scotia)
What did Champlain built in 1608 and who were their First Nations allies and enemies?
A fortress at present-day Quebec City
Algonquin, Montagnais and Huron
Iroquois, confederation of 5-6 First Nations battling French for a century
When did the French and the Iroquois made peace?
1701
In what kind of economy did French and Aboriginal collaborate and what was driving it?
Fur trade, driven by demand of beaver pelts in Europe
Who built a French Empire in North America, reaching from the Hudson Bay to the Gulf of Mexico?
Leaders like Jean Talon, Bishop Laval and Count Frontenac
Who granted the Hudson’s Bay Company exclusive trading rights over the watershed of its namesake bay and on which year?
King Charles II of England
1670
What are the coureurs des bois or voyageurs?
Skilled and corageous French men from Montreal who travelled by canoe and carried trade goods and supplies to exchange for furs.
Who did the Hudson’s Bay Company competed with for 100 years after
Montreal-based traders
Which colonies dating from the 1600s became richer and more populous than New France?
English colonies along the Atlantic seaboard
Which European countries started fighting for control of North America?
France and Great Britain
Which battle marks the end of France’s empire in America, in which year and who defeated the French?
The Battle of the Plains of Abraham
1759
British won
Who were the commanders of the two armies in the Battle of Plains of Abraham?
Brigadier James Wolfe
Marquis de Montcalm
What was the new name of the french colony after the war between France and Britain?
Province of Quebec
How were the French-speaking Catholic people known as and what threatened the preservation of their way of life?
Habitants or Canadiens
Struggled with English-speaking, Protestant-ruled British Empire
What’s the Quebec Act of 1774 passed by the British Parliament?
Constitutional foundations of Canada
Principles of British institutions accommodated to the French Roman Catholic majority of the province
Allowed religious freedom for Catholics, permitted them to hold public office (not allowed in Britain)
Restored French civil law, kept British criminal law
Who were the Loyalists and why did they leave the 13 British colonies?
40,000 people loyal to the Crown after 1776 declaration of independence of the US, fleeing oppression of American Revolution.
Dutch, German, British, Scandinavian and Aboriginal origins.
Presbyterian, Anglican, Baptist, Methodist, Jewish, Quaker and Catholic.
Who led thousands of Loyalist Mohawk indians into Canada?
Joseph Brant
How many black Loyalists, freedmen and slaves, came to the north?
3,000
Who established Freetown in Sierra Leone (West Africa), in which year, what was it?
Black Nova Scotians given poor land
1792
British colony for freed slaves
What was the reply of Count Frontenac when refusing to surrender Quebec, in what year, who was he fighting against?
My only reply will be from the mouths of my cannons!
1690
The English
Who was Pierre Le Moyne, Sieur d’Iberville?
Great hero of New France
Won many victories over the English in the late 17th and early 18th centuries
James Bay in the north to Nevis (Caribbean)
Name some native groups
Cree, Iroquois, Dene, Sioux, Inuit
What was the name of Quebec before 1759?
New France
When did the first elected Assembly of Lower Canada debated whether to use both French and English, and where?
January 21st, 1793
Quebec City
Which was the first representative assembly of Canada, and on which year?
Elected in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1758
When were other representative assemblies elected?
Prince Edward Island - 1773
New Brunswick - 1785
