Unit 7 - Cognition

Question 1

What is memory?

Answer 1

the persistance of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information

Question 2

What are the three retention measures?

Answer 2

recall, recognition, and relearning

Question 3

What is recall?

Answer 3

a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learning earlier

Question 4

What kind of retention measure does a fill-in-the-blank question use?

Answer 4

recall

Question 5

What is recognition?

Answer 5

a measure of memory in which a person identifies items previously learned

Question 6

What kind of memory measure does a multiple-choice question use?

Answer 6

recognition

Question 7

What is relearning?

Answer 7

a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material again

Question 8

Who tested response speed of memory with nonsense syllables?

Answer 8

Hermann Ebbinghaus

Question 9

Seeing a photo from you high school yearbook and remembering them is an example of…

Answer 9

recognition

Question 10

What did Hermann Ebbinghaus come to the conclusion of in his research?

Answer 10

the more he repeated the list of nonsense syllables on Day 1, the less time he needed to spend on Day 2

Question 11

What do tests of recognition and time spent relearning demonstrate?

Answer 11

that we remember more than we can simply recall

Question 12

What are memory models?

Answer 12

tools that help humans think about how we form and retrieve information from our memory

Question 13

What does the information-processing model use as a representation?

Answer 13

computer processing systems

Question 14

What are the three steps to remembering in the information-processing model?

Answer 14

encoding, storage, and retrieval

Question 15

What is encoding?

Answer 15

the process of getting information into the memory system

Question 16

What is storage?

Answer 16

the process of retaining encoded information over time

Question 17

What is retreival?

Answer 17

the process of getting information out of memory storage

Question 18

What is parallel processing?

Answer 18

processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain’s natural mode of information processing

Question 19

What memory model demonstrates parallel processing?

Answer 19

connectionism

Question 20

Who developed the 3-stage connectionism model?

Answer 20

Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin

Question 21

What are the 3 stages of the connectionism model?

Answer 21

record to-be-remembered information as a fleeting sensory memory, process the information into our short-term memory via rehearsal, and move the info to long-term memory for retrieval later

Question 22

What is sensory memory?

Answer 22

the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information

Question 23

What is short-term memory?

Answer 23

activated memory that holds few items briefly before it is either stored or forgotten

Question 24

What is long-term memory?

Answer 24

the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system including knowledge, skills, and experiences

Question 25

What is working memory?

Answer 25

newer understanding of short-term memory that adds conscious, active processing of incoming sensory info, and long-term memory retrieval