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AP HUG > Theme 4 > Flashcards

Theme 4 Flashcards

1
Q

commercial agriculture

A

the production of food surplus
practiced mainly in MDCs

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2
Q

subsistence agriculture

A

most prevalent in LDCs
the production of food with only enough food to feed the farmer and the farmer’s family, wiht No SURPLUS
in some cases surplus is sold to governemnt

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3
Q

Agribusiness

A

the name of commercial agriculture
the farming is integrated into a large food production industry

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4
Q

intensive subsistence

A

yields large amount of output per acre
still only provides for family, sometimes with a little surplus
East and South Asia with wet or lowland rice growing farms
Also wheat farms
Labor intensive

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5
Q

shifting cultivation

A

“slash and Burn”
mainly rain forest zones
Destroys environments
SUBSISTENT
extensive

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6
Q

Interillage

A

the growing of various types of crops
is common in slash and burn MDC communities
Often in agriculture based villages
Extensive subsistence agriculture

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7
Q

Pastural nomadism

A

the following of herds
similar to hunters and gatherers
sheeps cows goats
Extensive subsistence agriculture

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8
Q

Nomadism

A

Moving frequently from one place to another
Driven by the need for animals to graze new pastures

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9
Q

extensive subsistence agriculture

A

large areas of land and minimal labor per unit

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10
Q

intensive subsistence agriculture

A

smaller plots of land through great amounts of labor

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11
Q

commercial agriculture

A

farmers sell their output for money and buy their families food at stores

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12
Q

mixed crops and livestock famring

A

common form of commercial agriculture
Appalachian mountains
raise animals and livestock and grow crops on same land
crops are fed to animals rather than people

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13
Q

crop rotation

A

fields are planted on a planned cycle
uses nutrients in soil more efficiently by shifting the crop grown in each area

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14
Q

cereal grains

A

oats wheat rye or barley

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15
Q

Dairy farming

A

are located closer to cities because Milk spoils
produce butter, milk and cheese

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16
Q

Milk shed

A

A ring of milk production that surrounds a major city due to the fact that milk spoils fairly quickly

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17
Q

Grain Farming

A

Most prominent in the Us ( winter wheat areas and spring wheat areas.)
uses heavy machinergy to produce grains on a large scale.
planting and harvesting seasons

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18
Q

World Bread basket

A

The praries of North America
Wheat finds its way into the world market and is the most exported crop

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19
Q

Livestock ranching

A

commercialized grazing of livestock over an extensive area.
practiced in Arid or Semi-Arid climates
Livestock raised in Us is sold domestically, but in other places it is sold internationally
extensive?

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20
Q

Mediterranean

A

Not only in mediterranean but also in California( anywhere there is the mediterranean climate)
These places border seas, moisture is provided by sea minds and moderate winters with hot and dry summers
hilly land and mountains
Horticulture forms the commercial base of this
intensive

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21
Q

Horticulture

A

The growing of fruits and vegetables and flowers and tree crops

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22
Q

Commercial gardening and Fruit farming

A

Prominent in the Us’s south east region due to it’s long growing season and humid climate
Also Known as truck farmingapples, asparagus, cherries , lettuce . mushrooms.
sold to be processed or canned
intensive

23
Q

Plantation Farming

A

speacializes in one or two crops
raised for export to high consumption developed countries
Grows cash Crops
tropical countries
intensive

24
Q

Von Thunen’s model

A

Four rings that surround market centers or cities:
market gardening and dairy-
closest to town
forest-
in the time this theory was formed trees played a vital role in a town and needed to be second closest due to the bulky weight of trees.
Field crops-
less parishable wheat and other grains
Animal Grazing-
farthest away required lots of space

25
Q

intensive agriculture

A

for high value perishable crops
in the first ring
land is subdivided into relatively small units

26
Q

extensive agriculture

A

far from market
land divided into larger units

27
Q

location theory

A

the modern version of Von Thunen’s model
the general but logical attempt to explain how an economic activity is related to the land space where goods are produced

28
Q

dispersed settlement pattern

A

shown through the areas of extensive agricultural practices
where machinery makes intensive cultivation over large areas

29
Q

nucleated settlement patterns

A

rural areas in indonesia
villages located quite close together surrounded by small fields
people and animals do work
most common pattern of agricultural settlement

30
Q

hamlets

A

when houses in nucleated settlements are in small clusters

31
Q

villages

A

slightly larger settlements than hamlets in nucleated settlements

32
Q

building materials

A

wood
brick
stone
wattle

33
Q

round villages

A

most traditional
east africa and europe
houses circle around a central corral for animals with fields outside rings of houses

34
Q

walled villages

A

originated in ancient times to protect villages from attack

35
Q

Grid villages

A

modern
laid out in straight street patterns that run in parallel and perpendicular lines

36
Q

linear villages

A

modern
follow major roads
one single thoroughfare lined with houses and businesses
and public buildings

37
Q

cluster villages

A

more than one major road
housing clusters around large public buildings like churches temples mosques or livestock corrals or grain bins.

38
Q

primogeniture

A

the rule that states all property is passed to the eldest son
this leads to large land Parcells being tended individually.

39
Q

rectangular survey system

A

used by the US government to encourage farmers to disperse evenly across farmland
the section lines were drawn in grids
roads are built along the grid lines

40
Q

metes and bounds

A

shape rural landscapes
where natural features
mark irregular parcels of land

41
Q

long lot survey systems

A

divides land into narrow parcels that extend from rivers, roads or canals
gives people more access to transportation
used in canada

42
Q

mercantilism

A

developed by british and dutch

benefit mother country

43
Q

industrial agriculture

A

current stage of commercial agriculture
a shift from the farm being the center of production to a position as just one step in a multiphase industrial process

44
Q

specialization

A

the growing of specialized crops that are most profitable
farmers must weigh in in costs of production like machinery, fuels fertilizer and labor and deal with unpredictable weather/ diseases

45
Q

Third agricultural revolution

A

began in the mid 20th century
is still going on in the form of industrial agriculture
modern farming that refers to the industrialized production of livestock

46
Q

biotechnology

A

the genetically altered crops in agriculture and DNA manipulation in livestock in order to increase production.
began with hydred rice
larger grains
shorter growing cycles
more resistant to pests

47
Q

Green Revolution

A

new agricultural techniques like new higher- yield seeds and the expanded use of fertilizers
new miracle seeds lead to dramatic productivity increases around the world

48
Q

desertification

A

the spread of desert like land
caused by over grazing of animals and lack of resources

49
Q

impacts of green revolution

A
50
Q

sustainable agriculture

A

attempts to integrate plant and animal production practices that will protect the ecosystem over the long term.

51
Q

expansion of agricultural land

A

increasing food production clear and plow more land for planting.
18th and early 189th century population growth

52
Q

second agricultural revolution

A

resulted in mechanization of agricultural production, advances in transportation, development of large-scale irrigation, and changes to consumption patterns of agricultural goods.

53
Q

Wheat was first domesticated in the Yellow River valley

A
54
Q
A

AP HUG (5 decks)

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