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MedPhys- Exam 1 > Intro > Flashcards

Intro Flashcards

1
Q

True/false: sitting for long periods of time lowers your chances of blood clots

A

FALSE

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2
Q

True/False: if we do not put pressure on our bones, calcium will leave the bones

A

True

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3
Q

Does exercise help stabilize blood glucose levels?

A

Yes!

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4
Q

Could someone live at 16,000 ft above sea level?

A

Yes, if adaption occurred! People in Peru can live at this level because their bodies have adapted to have more alveoli

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5
Q

Why are RBC small?

A

Because oxygen needs to be able to diffuse into the cell.

If the RBC was big, it would have a larger barrier which would make it harder for the oxygen to travel in order inside the cell.

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6
Q

What is the main function of a pancreatic cell?

A

Hormone and enzyme production

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7
Q

Is DNA different depending on where it is in the body?

A

NO! It is the same throughout the whole body. The only thing that changes is the DIFFERENTIATION of the DNA depending on where it is

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8
Q

How much fluid in the body is made up of extracellular fluid?

A

1/3

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9
Q

True/False: cells are very far form capillaries

A

False- cells are EXTREMELY close to capillaries

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10
Q

What two stages transport extracellular fluid throughout the body?

A

Circulation of blood

Then between the plasma and interstitial fluid

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11
Q

Are the walls of capillaries typically permeable?

A

Yes! To most molecules. But NOT plasma.

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12
Q

What is the only molecule the brain can use for energy?

A

SUGAR!

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13
Q

What are some things in the extracellular fluid?

A

High sodium
Chloride
Bicarbonate
Oxygen- Carbon Dioxide
Glucose, Fatty acids, Amino acids

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14
Q

What are some things in the intracellular fluid?

A

Potassium
Magnesium
Phosphate

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15
Q

How does water toxicity occur?

A

Water can cause extremely low sodium (hyponatremia)

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16
Q

Do elderly people have the same number of nephrons as a young person?

A

Nope, they only have a fraction of the amount, so they cannot process water as well

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17
Q

What are the two ways something could get through a cell membrane?

A

A cell membrane is a bilipid layer, so it either has to be fat-soluble OR have a pump/channel

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18
Q

Which organ makes things water soluble so the kidney can process it?

A

Liver!

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19
Q

True/False: oxygen consumption will turn into water.

A

True

20
Q

What is the only way to lose WEIGHT?

A

Calorie deficit

21
Q

What process is the complete inverse chemical equation of photosynthesis?

A

Respiration

22
Q

When the covalent bond C-H are broken up, it releases:

A) fluoride
B) fat
C) energy

A

Energy!

23
Q

How does the body get rid of carbons?

A

Through exhaling carbon dioxide

24
Q

What does the parathyroid hormone control?

A

Bone calcium

25
Q

Vasodilation occurs when ___________ penetrates smooth muscle cells.

A

Nitric oxide

26
Q

Measuring someone’s bicarbonate ion level tells us what?

A

About their acid-base balance

27
Q

What is the normal acid-base value?

Normal range?

Short-term nonlethal limit?

A

7.4

Range (7.3-7.5)

Short-term nonlethal limit (6.9-8.0)

28
Q

What is the normal value of glucose?

Normal range?

Short-term nonlethal limit range?

A

85

(75-95)

(20-1500)

29
Q

What is the normal CO2 value?

Normal range?

Short-term nonlethal limit?

A

40

(35-45)

(5-80)

30
Q

Explain how the body will use a negative feedback mechanism to fix High Glucose levels

A

The high glucose will travel to the pancreas and the pancreas will secrete more insulin once it detects this.

The receptors of insulin cause the channel to open up in the vessels so the sugar can dilute causing an overall lower sugar

31
Q

Since positive feedback causes a system to be amplified or reinforced, it is:

A) very rare in the body
B) extremely common in the body

A

A) very rare in the body

32
Q

Since positive feedback causes a system/process to be amplified or reinforced, it is:

A) very rare to happen in the body
B) extremely common to happen in the body

A

A) very rare to happen in the body

33
Q

When a woman is in labor and contracting, the receptor in the uterus sends a message to the hypothalamus to:

A) stop contracting
B) keep contracting

A

B) keep contracting

*This is an example of positive feedback

34
Q

When a blood vessel ruptures, what positive feedback does the body do to help it?

A

Forms clots

35
Q

What are the 4 basic tissue types in the human body?

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nervous

36
Q

What three things does epithelial tissue line?

A

GI tract
Vessels
Body cavities

37
Q

What part of epithelial tissue allows it to attach to the underlying tissues?

A

Basement membrane

38
Q

What are the three cell shapes of epithelial cells?

A

Squamous (flat)
Cuboidal
Columnar

39
Q

Where would you find squamous epithelial cells?

A

Alveoli
Lining of blood & lymph vessels

40
Q

Where would you find cuboidal epithelial cells?

A

Glands
Terminal bronchioles of lungs
Kidney tubules

41
Q

Where would you find epithelial columnar cells?

A

Uterus
Stomach
Intestines
Gallbladder
Bile ducts

42
Q

Connective tissue is made up of extracellular matrixes. What three types are there?

A

Protein fibers (collagen, elastin)

Non-fibrous proteins (long, unbranched polysaccharide chain)

Fluid (blood, plasma)

43
Q

There are three types of muscle tissue. What are they?

A

Skeletal (striated voluntary)

Cardiac (striated involuntary)

Smooth (non-striated involuntary)

44
Q

A basic cell of the nervous tissue is called what?

A

Neuron

45
Q

What makes up a neuron?

A

Cell body

Dendrites

Axon

46
Q

What does neuroglia do?

A

Known as the homeostatic/defensive cells of the nervous system.

Supports cells of brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves

Nourishes

Protects

Insulates

MedPhys- Exam 1 (9 decks)

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