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geography > hazards > Flashcards

hazards Flashcards

1
Q

what is a disaster?

A

when a hazard causes a significant impact on a vulnerable population, serious, widespread social, economic, environmental losses exceeding the ability of the community to cope

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2
Q

what is a hazard?

A

perceived natural/ geophysical event that has the potential to threaten life and property

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3
Q

what is resilience?

A

ability of a community to cope with and recover from the effects of a hazard in a timely and efficient manner, including through the preservation and restoration of its essential basic structures

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4
Q

what is a risk?

A

probability of a hazard occurring creating loss of life and/or livelihoods

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5
Q

what is a risk assessment?

A

likelihood of damage and harm and the anticipation of the type and scale of these

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6
Q

what is vulnerability?

A

reduced capacity of an individual or group to anticipate, cope with, resist and recover form the impact of a natural or man-made hazard

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7
Q

what hazard categories are there?

A

geophysical, hydrological, atmospheric, geomorphic, biohazards

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8
Q

what is a geophysical hazard?

A

all tectonic hazards

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9
Q

what is a hydrological hazard?

A

water/ weather extreme

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10
Q

what is a atmospheric hazard?

A

storms

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11
Q

what is a geomorphic hazard?

A

changes in land shape

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12
Q

what is a biohazard?

A

associated with plant and animal life

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13
Q

what is an example of a geophysical hazard?

A

earthquake, tsunami

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14
Q

what is an example of a hydrological hazard?

A

drought, flood

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15
Q

what is an example of atmospheric hazard?

A

tropical storm, extra-tropical storm (over UK)

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16
Q

what is an example of geomorphic hazard?

A

landslide

17
Q

what is an example of a biohazard?

A

wildfire

18
Q

what were event profiles of the Asian Tsunami 2004

A

-large magnitude with a quick speed of onset
-short duration
-predictable, but rare
-large areal extent
-large, quickly happened and finished

19
Q

what were the event profiles of Kilauea eruptions since 1983?

A

-small magnitude
-continuous, frequent, predictable
-limited areal extent
-small, but continuous

20
Q

what are economic factors of hazards?

A

-poverty, means there is less money to have safer infrastructure, as well as less amount of doctors, resulting in more deaths
-inequality, means that there is/ could be less safe communal spaces for them

21
Q

what are social factors of hazards?

A

-stronger houses, less deaths however if strong enough the hazard could potentially cause damage with debris
-population growing, more people to keep safe

22
Q

what are political factors of hazards?

A

-conflict means that there will be less worry about hazards
-by having a strong and organised government, it means that there is more protection and safety plans put in place, saving lives

23
Q

what are technological factors of hazards?

A

-good technology means that more predictions can be made before the hazard occurs, giving people time to prepare for it
-if a country has bad communication it means that less people could be warned about hazards, therefore increasing the risk

24
Q

what hazard response models are there?

A

the park model
hazard management cycle

25
Q

how does the park model show a hazard?

A

-predisaster, before the event, the situation is normal
-disruption, during and directly after the hazard event occurs
-relief, aftermath of the event
-rehabilitation, once immediate impacts under control
-reconstruction, involves rebuilding permanent houses, infrastructure

26
Q

what are the four stages of the hazard management cycle?

A

-mitigation, minimising the impacts of future disasters
-preparedness, planning how to respond to a hazard
-response, how people react when a disaster occurs
-recovery, getting the affected area back to normal

27
Q

how do people’s circumstances affect their perception of hazard?

A

wealth, religion, education, past experience, personality

28
Q

how does wealth affect perception of hazard?

A

richer people can afford to move to areas that are less prone to hazards/ build homes to withstand hazards, perceiving risk as smaller

29
Q

how does religion affect perception of hazard?

A

some people view hazards as acts of god, punishing people

30
Q

how does education affect perception of hazard?

A

people with more education may have a better understanding of risks of hazards, reducing risks or mitigate impacts

31
Q

how does past experience affect perception of hazard?

A

people who live in hazard prone areas may have experienced hazards before, may affect perceived risk from future hazards

32
Q

how does personality affect perception of hazard?

A

some people fear hazards and others might think of them as exciting

geography (7 decks)

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