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O Level Bio > Bio Chapter 1 - Cell Structure and Organisation > Flashcards

Bio Chapter 1 - Cell Structure and Organisation Flashcards

1
Q

What are cells

A

Cells are the building blocks of life

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2
Q

what are the use of protoplasms

A

where many chemical activities that allow cell survival occur

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3
Q

what is the appearance of protoplasms

A

complex jelly-like substance

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4
Q

what are the steps of chemical reactions that occur in cells to keep you alive

A

a cell takes in raw materials

it processses these materials to make new molecules

molecules produced can either be used by the cell or transported to other parts of the body

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5
Q

name two types of microscopes

A

light and electron

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6
Q

what is the use of micrographs

A

takes pictures of what is seen on the microscope

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7
Q

what images do different microscopes take depending on microscope

A

light microscopes take coloured images
electron microscopes take black and white pictures

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8
Q

how much can different microscopes magnify

A

light microscopes up to 1000x

electron microscopes up to 200 000x

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9
Q

name the parts of a typical animal cell

A

vacuoles
cell membrane
chromosome
nuclear membrane
cytoplasm
mitochondrion
nucleus
ribosome

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10
Q

name the parts of a leaf cell

A

vacuoles
cell membrane
chromosome
nuclear membrane
cytoplasm
mitochondrion
nucleus
ribosome
cell wall
chloroplasts

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11
Q

what is an organelle

A

a cellular structure that performs a specific job within a cell

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12
Q

name 5 organelles

A

mitochondrion
nucleus
ribosome
vacuole
chloroplasts

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13
Q

what parts of a plant cell are absent in a typical animal cell

A

chloroplasts and cell wall

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14
Q

what is the function of the cell membrane

A

controls movement of substances in and out of the cell through the partially permeable membrane

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15
Q

what are the functions of cell wall

A

protects the cell from injury
gives the cell its shape

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16
Q

what is the function of the cytoplasm

A

most cell activities occur in the cytoplasm

17
Q

what are the two cell parts in the nucleus

A

nuclear membrane
chromosomes

18
Q

what are the three functions of the nucleus

A

contains genetic info in the form of chromosomes
controls cell activities
needed for cell division

19
Q

what are chromosomes made of

A

dna coiled around proteins that store hereditary info

20
Q

what is the function of chromosome

A

controls cell activities

21
Q

what is the function of the nuclear membrane

A

separates the content of the nucleus from the rest of the cytoplasm

22
Q

what is the function of vacuoles

A

stores substances within the cell

23
Q

what is the function of mitochondria

A

where aerobic respiration occurs

24
Q

what is aerobic respiration

A

breaks down glucose in presence of oxygen to release energy for cell activity

25
Q

what is the function of ribosome

A

synthesises protein in the cell

26
Q

what is the function of chloroplasts

A

contains chlorophyll thats essential for photosynthesis

27
Q

what is differentiation

A

the process where a cell becomes specialised for a specific function

28
Q

what are the 4 adaptations of red blood cells and explain them

A

contains haemoglobin which binds oxygen and transports it

has biconcave shape which increases surface area to volume ratio so that oxygen diffuses faster

absent nucleus so that the cell can store more haemoglobin

flexible for easy transport through capillaries

29
Q

state and explain the three adaptations of a muscle cell

A

has mitochondria to provide the energy for the contraction of the muscle cell
has contractile protein fibres to contract and relax the cell to bring about movement
has many nuclei for cell division

30
Q

state and explain the two adaptation of the root hair cell

A

has a long and narrow root hair to increase area to volume ratio to absorb mineral salts and water at a higher rate

mantains lower water potential in vacuole allows water to enter the root hair cell via osmosis

O Level Bio (6 decks)

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