Science WA (ENDOCRINE SYSTEM)

Question 1

What is the Latin meaning of Endocrine?

Answer 1

Endo = “inside”
Krine = “secrete”

Question 2

What are the functions of the Endocrine System?

Answer 2

1. Metabolism and tissue maturation
2. Ion Regulation
3. Water balance
4. Immune system regulation
5. Heart rate + blood pressure regulation

Question 3

What are the major organs of the Endocrine System?

Answer 3

1. Glands
2. Hypothalamus
3. Pancreas
4. Ovary/Testis

Question 4

What are Hormones?

Answer 4

• Chemical substances (from cells to extracellular fluids)
• Some don’t affect hormone receptors because they are not recognized

Question 5

What do Hormones regulate?

Answer 5

• biology processes (muscle growth, hunger, heart rate, menstrual cycles)
• metabolism
• growth and development
• tissue
• sexual functions and reproduction
• sleep
• mood

Question 6

What are Hormone Receptors?

Answer 6

• selective
• it only chooses hormones it recognizes

Question 7

What is the Hypothalamus?

Answer 7

• located in the brain (Major endocrine glab)
• connects the nervous system to the endocrine system
• commands pituitary gland to work or stop
• produces hormones and Oxytocin (love hormone)

Question 8

What is the Pituitary Gland?

Answer 8

• near the hypothalamus
• commands other glands (from the brain)
• Oxytocin, ADH (Posterior)
• Proteins, Glycoprotein, Peptide

Question 9

What is the Pineal Gland?

Answer 9

• produces Melatonin (sleep hormone)
• has light/dark cycles
• biological rhythms/Biorhythms
• more melatonin = better sleep

Question 10

What is the Thyroid Gland?

Answer 10

• maintains Metabolism
• Calcitonin, T3, T4
• TSH = Calcium in the blood
• when underactive, Hypothyroidism occurs
• when overactive, Hyperthyroidism occurs

Question 11

What is the Parathyroid Gland?

Answer 11

• Behind the thyroid gland
• produces Parathyroid hormones (PTH) or peptide
• WhenHigh PTH = high calcium levels in blood
• Whentoo high PTH = excreted (calcium must be in the bones)

Question 12

What is an Adrenal Gland?

Answer 12

• Present in Amines, steroids
• Adrenaline = epinephrine
• Horadrenaline = norepinephrine
  Symptoms of Adrenaline rush:
  
  • wide eyes
  • muscle contractions
  • sweating
  • faster heartbeat
  • imblanaced blood vessels
  • deeper breathing

Question 13

What are the Ovaries?

Answer 13

• Present in Females only
• Estrogen, prgestins
• Uterine lining sheds every month (menstruation)

Question 14

What are the Testes?

Answer 14

• Present in Males only
• Androgens; testosterone
• Responsible for sperm formation

Question 15

What is the Pancreas?

Answer 15

• Near the adrenal gland
• Insulin and glucagon
• Feedback center of the endocrine system
• Glycogen breakdown to Glycogen formation
• Glucose turns into Glycogen
• Insulin = stimulates glycogen formation

Question 16

What is the difference between Insulin and Glucagon?

Answer 16

blood sugar level:
- Insulin = lowers
- Glucagon = raises

Question 17

What is Type One Diabetes Mellitus?

Answer 17

• **Juvenile diabetes
• common in younger people
• incurable**

Question 18

What is Type Two Diabetes Mellitus?

Answer 18

• Caused and fixed by lifestyle
• insulin resistance