SDH & NGSDH Flashcards
In North America and Japan, the primary rate is __ Mbit/s
1) 1.5 Mbit/s
2) 2 Mbit/s
3) 8 Mbit/s
4) 34 Mbit/s
1.5 Mbit/s
The analog telephone signal is sampled at a bandwidth of ____ kHz, quantized and encoded and then transmitted at a bit rate of ___kbit/s.
1) 3.1 kHz, 16kbit/s.
2) 4 kHz, 16kbit/s.
3) 3.1 kHz, 64kbit/s.
4) 4 kHz, 64kbit/s.
3.1 kHz, 64kbit/s.
primary rate is used throughout the world
1) 1024 kbit/s
2) 2048 kbit/s
2048 kbit/s
Only the USA, Canada and Japan use a primary rate of ___ kbit/s, formed by combining __ .
1) 1544 kbit/s, combining 24 channels
2) 2048 kbit/s, combining 30 channels
1544 kbit/s, combining 24 channels instead of 30.
PDH is based on ___.
1) TDM
2) PCM
3) FDM
PCM
PDH transmission capacity upto
1) 34 Mbit/s.
2) 140 Mbit/s.
3) 155 Mbit/s.
140 Mbit/s.
The PDH systems belong to the ______ generation of digital terrestrial
telecommunication systems in commercial use.
1) first
2) second
3) third
first generation
Multiplexing of 2 Mbit/s to 140 Mbit/s requires two intermediate multiplexing stages of __ Mbit/s and ___ Mbit/s.
1) 8 Mbit/s and 16 Mbit/s.
2) 8 Mbit/s and 34 Mbit/s.
3) 16 Mbit/s and 34 Mbit/s.
8 Mbit/s and 34 Mbit/s.
Multiplexing of 2 Mbit/s to 140 Mbit/s
requires multiplex equipment known as __, ___ and ___ order multiplexer
1) 1st, 2nd and 3rd
2) 2nd, 3rd and 4th
3) 3rd, 4th and 5th
2nd, 3rd and 4th
SDH transmission capacity achieved up to
1) 2.5 Gbit/s
2) 10 Gbit/s
3) 40 Gbit/s
40 Gbit/s
The network provider can use standardized network elements that can be controlled and monitored from a central location by means of a ________ system.
1) SNMP
2) TMN
telecommunications network
management (TMN) system.
SDH supports the transmission of existing PDH payloads, other than ___Mbit/s
1) 2Mbit/s
2) 8Mbit/s
3) 34Mbit/s
1) 140Mbit/s
8Mbit/s
Time period for one frame of SDH
1) 8 micro seconds
2) 125 micro seconds
1) 1000 micro seconds
125 micro seconds ( (time for 1
byte in 64 k bit per second))
SDH has _________ frames per second
1) 2048
2) 4096
3) 8000
4) 125
8000
G.707 makes a distinction between ______ and ________
1) POH and RSOH
2) POH and MSOH
3) RSOH and MSOH
RSOH and MSOH
There are still some ______ Overhead bytes transmitted as part of the payload in a network and these bytes are mainly used for the monitor, management and control of the path performance.
1) RSOH
2) POH
3) MSOH
4) AU
Path Overhead (POH)
_______ is a kind of indicator, mainly used to indicate the accurate position of the first byte of information payload in the STM-N frame
1) RSOH
2) POH
3) MSOH
4) AU
Administrative Unit Pointer (AU-PTR)
AU-PTR is located at the ______ row of 1~9 × N columns in the STM-N frame structure.
1) first
2) second
3) fourth
4) last
fourth row
____are used to combine plesiochronous and synchronous input signals into higher bit rate STM-N signals.
1) VC
2) VCG
3) TUG
4) Terminal multiplexers
Terminal multiplexers
Integrated Data Transport i.e. Ethernet tributaries in addition to 2Mb - is made possible in NG-SDH using _____
1) GFP
2) VCAT
3) LCAS
4) CCAT
GFP: Generic Framing Procedure
Integrated non-blocking, wide-band cross connect (2Mb granularity) - is made possible in NG-SDH using _____
1) GFP
2) VCAT
3) LCAS
4) CCAT
VCAT: Virtual concatenation
Dynamic Bandwidth allocation, Intelligence for topology discovery,
route computation and mesh based restoration - is made possible in NG-SDH using _____
1) GFP
2) VCAT
3) LCAS
4) CCAT
LCAS: Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme
____ is an all-purpose protocol for encapsulating packet over SONET (POS), ATM, and other Layer 2 traffic on to SONET/SDH networks
1) GFP
2) VCAT
3) LCAS
4) CCAT
GFP: Generic Framing Procedure
_____ is most economical way of adopting high speed services, constant bit rate and variable bit rate, in SDH networks and can provide basis for evolving RPR.
1) GFP
2) VCAT
3) LCAS
4) CCAT
GFP: Generic Framing Procedure
GFP is defined in ITU-T __________
1) G.701
2) G.703
3) G.7041
G.7041
GFP stands for
Generic Framing Procedure
Two types of GFP mechanisms
1) GFP-P
2) GFP-F
3) GFP-V
4) GFP-T
2 and 4
-PDU-oriented known as Frame mapped GFP (GFP-F)
-Block-code-oriented known as Transparent GFP (GFP-T)
______ is useful for delay sensitive services.
1) GFP-F
2) GFT-T
3) both
GFP-T
______ is used for FC, Gigabit Ethernet etc.
1) GFP-F
2) GFT-T
3) both
GFP-T
Two concatenation schemes are
1) B-CAT
2) C-CAT
3) V-CAT
4) T-CAT
- Contiguous concatenation (C-CAT)
- Virtual concatenation (V-CAT)
__________ is used to transport pay loads that do not fit efficiently into standard set of VCs
1) Translation
2) Concatenation
3) Multiplexing
Concatenation
____________concatenation is a pointer based concatenation.
1) C-CAT
2) V-CAT
Contiguous concatenation (C-CAT)
____________ requires functionality at every N/E adding cost and complexity
1) C-CAT
2) V-CAT
Contiguous concatenation (C-CAT)
Lower order VCs (VC-12, VC3) concatenation is not possible in ____________ concatenation
1) C-CAT
2) V-CAT
Contiguous concatenation (C-CAT)
For VC-4 and above
Pointer based concatenation
VCs are routed individually and may follow different paths, within the network in ____________concatenation
1) C-CAT
2) V-CAT
Virtual concatenation (V-CAT)
Use the same core NEs, modify only edge NEs. in ____________ concatenation
1) C-CAT
2) V-CAT
Virtual concatenation (V-CAT)
