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N416 > Reproductive Anatomy, Well-Person Care, Menstrual Cycle > Flashcards

Reproductive Anatomy, Well-Person Care, Menstrual Cycle Flashcards

1
Q

Mons Pubis

A

Top, fatty area

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2
Q

What bones do you sit on?

A

Ischial Spine

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3
Q

Which ligament separates during pregnancy and causes pain?

A

Symphysis Pubis

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4
Q

Ovaries

A

Responsible for growing and releasing the ovum

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5
Q

What is it called when there is leftover ruptured follicle in the ovaries?

A

Corpus Luteum

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6
Q

Fallopian Tubes

A

Receive ovum and transport fertilized egg or unfertilized ovum via muscle contractions and cilia to the uterus

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7
Q

Where does fertilization happen?

A

Ampulla

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8
Q

Uterus

A

Creates and sheds endometrial lining each month if person is not pregnant

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9
Q

Vagina

A

Expels shed endometrial layer and receives semen

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10
Q

What builds up and sheds during periods?

A

Endometrium

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11
Q

Which ligament gets pulled with any movement?

A

Round ligament of uterus

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12
Q

Which hormone is secreted from the hypothalamus and triggers the pituitary?

A

Gondatropin-Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

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13
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)

A

Secreted by anterior pituitary

Matures follicle

Days 1-14

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14
Q

Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

A

“BOOSTER”

Secreted by anterior pituitary

Finishes maturation of follicle

Days 15-28

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15
Q

Which hormone creates the corpus luteum?

A

Luteinizing hormone (LH)

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16
Q

Estrogen

A

Secreted primarily by ovaries

Causes endometrial mucosa “proliferation”

Causes myometrial contractility in uterus and fallopian tubes

“Bed” for fetus

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17
Q

Progesterone

A

Secreted by corpus luteum

“Pro-gestation”

Decreases uterine motility and contractility

Relaxes smooth muscle - vasodilation of uterus - ready for implantation

Spiral arteries lengthen and coil

Cells become “hyper-secretory” to provide nutrients in case zygote arrives

Causes cervix to secrete thick viscous mucous

Increases body temp 0.5-1.0 F

Inhibits prolactin, decreasing breastmilk production

18
Q

Where is the source of progesterone during pregnancy?

A

Placenta

19
Q

Ovarian Cycle

A

Hypothalamus releases GnRH

GnRH triggers anterior pituitary

FSH stimulates follicle to grow

LH BOOSTS follicle to grow rapidly and release ovum - ovulation

Ovum gets directed to fallopian tube from fimbrae and travels down fallopian tube thanks to estrogen induced peristalsis

Remaining deflated balloon becomes corpus luteum and releases progesterone

20
Q

Uterine Cycle

A

Uterus which has just had Menses and sloughed much of endometrial layer off

Ovary secretes estrogen causing endometrium to build up again during proliferative phase (up to day 14)

Progesterone secreted by corpus luteum (day 15+) causes vasodilation in uterus, spiral artery formation, cells to become hyper-secretory to nourish possible zygote, and quites/relaxes uterus to inhibit contractions

If no implantation, endometrium sheds

21
Q

Ovulation

A

Follicle matures under effects of FSH

Ovum is released into fallopian tube

Corpus luteum forms from ruptured follicle (produces progesterone if fertilization happens)

22
Q

About what day does the LH surge and causes full maturation of follicle?

A

Day 14

23
Q

How long is the ovum viable for?

A

12-24 hours

24
Q

Menstruation

A

IF fertilization does not occur

Some endometrial areas are shed

Low levels of estrogen

Spiral arteries vaso-constrict

25
Q

How long is the menstruation cycle length?

A

Varies 24-38 days

26
Q

How long does Menses last?

A

3-7 days

27
Q

What is an average monthly blood loss?

A

25-60 mL

28
Q

Amenorrhea

A

No period

29
Q

Primary Amenorrhea

A

Menstruation not established by 16 years old

30
Q

Secondary Amenorrhea

A

Pregnancy #1 cause

Frequently stressed

Excessive exercise-induced

31
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful period

32
Q

What increases uterine contractility and decrease uterine artery blood flow which can lead to ischemia?

A

Prostaglandins

33
Q

Mammogram

A

Soft tissue x-ray of breast without contrast

34
Q

When should you get a mammogram?

A

Recommended annually for women > 40-45 years

35
Q

What is the recommendation for a mammogram if family member was diagnosed with breast cancer?

A

Recommended 10 years before age that family member was diagnosed

36
Q

Clinical Breast Exam

A

Every 1-3 years

37
Q

Pap Smear

A

Sample taken from cervix

Detects abnormal cervical cells

Can detect HPV

Can detect some STIs

38
Q

When is it recommended to get a Pap smear?

A

Age 21

39
Q

Male Reproductive Organs

A

Sperm continue to be produced throughout life

Sperm is excreted through urethra

40
Q

How long can sperm live in the female reproductive tract?

A

2-3 days

41
Q

Where are the testes located?

A

In the scrotum to keep the sperm cooler

42
Q

What male reproductive organ is cauterized or excised in a vasectomy?

A

Scrotal Vas Deferens

N416 (9 decks)

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