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N416 > Fertilization > Flashcards

Fertilization Flashcards

1
Q

Mitosis

A

Body cells

Exact copies

Daughter cells have 46 chromosomes (diploid)

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2
Q

Meiosis

A

Gametes (sex cells)

Exchange of material btw chromatids results in genetic variation

2 divisions resulting in 4 daughter cells with each daughter cell having 23 chromosomes (haploid)

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3
Q

Fertilization

A

Haploid gametes (sperm and ovum) join together in Ampulla of Fallopian Tubes

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4
Q

Sperm Capacitation

A

Removal of plasma membrane aided by uterine enzymes

BOOSTER

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5
Q

Sperm Acrosomal Reaction

A

Enzymes lots of sperm produce to allow one to enter Zona Pellucida

TEAMWORK

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6
Q

Once one sperm enters the Zona Pellucida, what does the Zona Pellucida do?

A

Releases enzymes so no other sperm can enter

SEALS OFF THE ENTRANCE!

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7
Q

Does the sperm or the ovum determine X or Y chromosomes for zygote?

A

Sperm

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8
Q

Implantation

A

Rapid mitotic division of the fertilized cell

“Cleavage” forms Blastomeres

Blastomeres grow to Morula (solid ball of 12-32 cells)

Morula divides into inner solid mass (Blastocyst) surrounded by outer layer of cells (Trophoblast)

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9
Q

What is the period in which implantation in the uterus occurs?

A

7-10 days

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10
Q

10-14 Days After Conception

A

Blastocyst differentiates into 3 primary germ layers (Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm)

All tissues, organs, and organ systems develop from these primary germ cell layers

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11
Q

Embryonic Membranes

A

Develop to protect and support embryo

Chorion - first to develop from trophoblast

Amnion - from ectoderm and contains amniotic fluid

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12
Q

Yolk Sac

A

Forms RBCs until liver works about 6 weeks and then becomes part of umbilical cord

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13
Q

What becomes part of the umbilical cord after 6 weeks?

A

Yolk Sac

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14
Q

Fraternal Twins

A

Dizygotic

2 separate ovum fertilized by 2 sperm

2 placentas, chorions, amnions

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15
Q

Identical Twins

A

Monozygotic

1 fertilized egg (1 zygote that separates into 2)

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16
Q

Di-Di Identical Twins

A

2 embryos, amnions, and chorions (day 3)

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17
Q

Mono-Di Identical Twins

A

2 embryos and amnions but 1 chorion (day 5)

18
Q

Mono-Mono Identical Twins

A

2 embryos, 1 amnion and chorion (day 8)

19
Q

Umbilical Cord

A

Develops from amnion

Body stalk attaches embryo to yolk sac, fuses w/ embryonic portion of placenta

Surrounded by Wharton Jelly

20
Q

Wharton Jelly

A

Gelatinous

To protect vessels

21
Q

How many arteries and veins does the umbilical cord have?

A

AVA

2 arteries and 1 vein

22
Q

Arteries in Umbilical Cord

A

Are deoxygenated blood

23
Q

Veins in Umbilical Cord

A

Are oxygenated blood

24
Q

Umbilical Cord Function

A

Provides circulatory pathway to embryo

25
Q

Placenta

A

2 sides - maternal & fetal

Develops at the third week of embryonic development

Develops at site where embryo attaches to uterine wall

26
Q

Placenta Functions

A

Metabolic activities

Transports substances

Endocrine function: hCG, hPL, relaxin, inhibitin, estrogen, progesterone

27
Q

What happens to the corpus luteum when the placenta is developed?

A

It goes away and the placenta takes over by producing estrogen and progesterone

28
Q

Do maternal and fetal blood mix under normal situations or not?

A

They DO NOT mix

29
Q

Fetal Development

A

Zygote/Pre-embryonic Phase - first 2 weeks after conception

Embryo - start of week 3 to end of week 8

Fetus - week 9 to birth

30
Q

4 Weeks Fetal Development

A

Fetal heart begins to beat

31
Q

8 Weeks Fetal Development

A

All body organs are formed

32
Q

8-12 Weeks Fetal Development

A

Fetal heart rate can be heard by ultrasound Doppler device

33
Q

16 Weeks Fetal Development

A

Sex organs can be seen

Fetal movement (quickening) felt

34
Q

20 Weeks Fetal Development

A

Hands can grasp

Favorite position in utero (lie) established

Vernix caseosa (lanolin-like covering) protects the body

Lanugo (fine hair) keeps oil on skin

Head hair, eyebrows, and eyelashes present

35
Q

24 Weeks Fetal Development

A

Fetal respiratory movements begin

36
Q

28 Weeks Fetal Development

A

Eyes open and close

Surfactant is formed

37
Q

32 Weeks Fetal Development

A

Fingernails and toenails present

Subcutaneous fat is being laid down

38
Q

37+ Weeks Fetal Development

A

Full term

39
Q

Why do baby’s lose weight after they are born?

A

Because their lungs are filled with water and when they are born it is removed

40
Q

First Trimester

A

About 0-12 weeks

41
Q

Second Trimester

A

About 13-27 weeks

42
Q

Third Trimester

A

About 28-40 weeks

N416 (9 decks)

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