Cranial Nerves and Intracranial Cavity

Question 1

cerebral hemispheres

Answer 1

right and left
are joined across the midline

Question 2

corpus callosum

Answer 2

two cerebral hemispheres communicate with one another
made up of fibers (axons) of nerve cells which cross the midline and convey information from one hemisphere to the other

Question 3

gyri and sulci

Answer 3

gyri: ridges on surface of brain
sulci: separates the ridges by grooves
may be used as landmarks to divide the cerebral hemispheres into four lobes

Question 4

the 4 lobes are named for the bones of the skull beneath which they lie

Answer 4

frontal lobe
parietal lobe
occipital lobe
temporal lobe

Question 5

interior of skull is divided into

Answer 5

three depressions: anterior cranial fossa, middle cranial fossa, posterior cranial fossa

Question 6

each fossa is perforated by holes for

Answer 6

passage of nerves and vessels

Question 7

anterior cranial fossa

Answer 7

formed by frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid bones; houses frontal lobes

Question 8

middle cranial fossa

Answer 8

formed by sphenoid and temporal bones; houses portions of temporal lobes

Question 9

posterior cranial fossa

Answer 9

formed by sphenoid, temporal and occipital bones; houses cerebellum and brain stem

Question 10

cranial nerves leave the skull through various ______ in the bones of the skull

Answer 10

foramina

Question 11

foramina

Answer 11

the passage of cranial nerves

Question 12

orbit canal

Answer 12

foramen in sphenoid bone for passage of optic nerve CN II

Question 13

superior orbital fissure

Answer 13

slit in sphenoid bone for passage of CN III, CN IV, ophthalmic division of CN V (V1) and CN VI

Question 14

CN I

Answer 14

olfactory nerve

Question 15

CN II

Answer 15

optic nerve

Question 16

CN III

Answer 16

oculomotor nerve

Question 17

CN IV

Answer 17

trochlear nerve

Question 18

CN V

Answer 18

trigeminal nerve

Question 19

CN VI

Answer 19

abducens nerve

Question 20

olfactory nerve is responsible for

Answer 20

smell

Question 21

optic nerve is responsible for

Answer 21

vision

Question 22

oculomotor nerve is responsible for

Answer 22

eye movement, pupillary constriction

Question 23

trochlear nerve is responsible for

Answer 23

eye movement

Question 24

trigeminal nerve is responsible for

Answer 24

sensory to face, teeth, motor to muscle of mastication

Question 25

abducens nerve is responsible for

Answer 25

eye movements

Question 26

trigeminal nerve (CN V) gives rise to 3 divisions

Answer 26

ophthalmic
maxillary
mandibular

Question 27

the 3 divisions of the CN V supply nerves for

Answer 27

ophthalmic and maxillary divisions are entirely sensory
mandibular includes sensory fibres and motor fibres to muscles of mastication
maxillary and mandibular divisions supply sensation, including pain, to teeth and gingiva

Question 28

CN VII

Answer 28

facial nerve

Question 29

CN VIII

Answer 29

vestibulocochlear

Question 30

CN IX

Answer 30

glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 31

CN X

Answer 31

vagus nerve

Question 32

CN XI

Answer 32

spinal accessory nerve

Question 33

CN XII

Answer 33

hypoglossal nerve

Question 34

facial nerve is responsible for

Answer 34

taste, motor control of muscles of facial expression

Question 35

vestibulo-cochlear is responsible for

Answer 35

hearing and balance

Question 36

glossopharyngeal nerve is responsible for

Answer 36

taste, sensory to pharynx and tongue

Question 37

vagus nerve is responsible for

Answer 37

general visceral sensation, motor control of heart, larynx, pharynx, parasympathetic control of smooth muscle of gut

Question 38

spinal accessory nerve is responsible for

Answer 38

motor to 2 muscles (sternocleidomastoid, trapezius)

Question 39

hypoglossal nerve is responsible for

Answer 39

motor to tongue muscles

Question 40

brain is wrapped in three meningeal layers

Answer 40

dura mater
arachnoid
pia mater

Question 41

dura mater

Answer 41

outermost and thickest

Question 42

arachnoid

Answer 42

attached to undersurface of dura; separated from pia by subarachnoid space

Question 43

pia mater

Answer 43

innermost layer, attached to surface of brain

Question 44

what are dural reflections and the main ones

Answer 44

folds of dura mater

falx cerebri: separates L and R cerebral hemispheres
tentorium cerebelli: covers cerebellum and separates it from occipital lobes

Question 45

what are dural venous sinuses

Answer 45

are intracranial channels between layers of dura mater
they drain blood from the brain and mainly empty into the internal jugular vein

Question 46

dural venous sinuses order

Answer 46

superior sagittal sinus
inferior sagittal sinus
straight sinus
transverse sinus
sigmoid sinus
cavernous sinus

Question 47

cavernous sinus

Answer 47

one of the dural venous sinuses of the head
a network of veins that sits on both sides of the body of the sphenoid bone

Question 48

the structures that pass through the cavernous sinus are

Answer 48

cranial nerve III
CN IV
CN V (branches V1 and V2)
CN VI
internal carotid artery

Question 49

what lies between the two cavernous sinuses and sits on the bony sella turcica

Answer 49

the pituitary gland

Question 50

lesions or infections affecting the cavernous sinus may affect the _____ traversing through it

Answer 50

nerves