hiv

Question 1

Transmitted through

Answer 1

• BODY FLUIDS
  o semen
  o blood
  o vaginal secretions
  o breast milk
• Pregnancy
• Non sterile instruments
• Needle sharing

Question 2

Not transmitted through

Answer 2

• Touching
• Food
• Kiss
• Insect bites
• In the pool
• Saliva (neutralizing effects)

Question 3

detection of hiv

Answer 3

• CD4 T cells
• HIV rna
• p24 antigen
• HIV antibody

Question 4

what is window period

Answer 4

infectious but still test negative

Question 5

hiv window period (incubation)

Answer 5

2-4 weeks

Question 6

treatment for hiv

Answer 6

Antiretroviral treatment ART
HAART = highly active

Examples of ART
- nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
- protease inhibitors
- fusion inhibitors

Question 7

is there vaccine for hiv

Answer 7

no

Question 8

PrEP

Answer 8

pre exposure prophylaxis

Question 9

what does antiretroviral therapy do

Answer 9

• Suppresses the virus
• Prevents disease form progressing
• normal life expectancy

key for prevention of transmission to others

Question 10

what is the main cell that hiv attacks

Answer 10

CD4 cells

Question 11

life cycle of hiv

Answer 11

releases genetic material into the cd4 cell

reverse transcriptase copies rna into dna

viral dna inserted into host cell dna

copies are made with the viral dna

new viral proteins and particles assemble

cd4 cells are killed

Question 12

primary infection, clinical latency

Answer 12

Primary infection
o very infectious
o little to no symptoms
o declining cd4 count

Clinical latency
o asymptomatic infection for a long time, years
o antibody HIV detectable
o viral replication is continuing at a high rate, killing lymphocytes
o Immune system working to produce antibodies that are suppressing the virus

change to AIDs
- Viral load increases too much beyond , increase in immunodeficiency, too many CD4 cells destroyed resulting in AIDS

Question 13

seroconversion

Answer 13

period during which HIV antibodies first become detectable.

People usually develop detectable antibodies within 2-8 weeks of contracting HIV.

Question 14

are hiv people infective before seroconversion?

Answer 14

yes

Question 15

AIDs definition

Answer 15

One of 25 conditions indicative of severe immunosupression

OR

cd4+ cell count of <200 cells per cubic mm of blood

Question 16

people with hiv tend to have what oral conditions

Answer 16

poor OH
oral candidosis
hairy leukoplakia
kaposi’s sarcoma
Non hodgkin’s lymphoma
periodontal disease

these lesions are associated with low CD4 count

Question 17

what do you need to know as a dentist for HIV patients

Answer 17

1. Possess knowledge of HIV infection
2. oral lesions associated with HIV for HIV testing
3. Oral health care of highest standards , focus on routine and preventative care
4. Infection control , prevents transmission
5. Report all sharps and test for HIV immediately

Question 18

clinical latency of hiv

Answer 18

8-10 years

Question 19

is hiv single stranded

Answer 19

single stranded rna

Question 20

what test for hiv

Answer 20

ELISA -> confirmed further with blood test

Rapid tests

Question 21

what can hiv lead to

Answer 21

aids

Question 23

What is the UNAIDS target for ending HIV

Answer 23

95% aware, 95% on hiv treatment , 95% virally suppressed

Question 24

Scotland’s HIV target progression

Answer 24

93% aware, 84% on treatment, 97% virally suppressed

Question 25

HIV half life

Answer 25

5.7 hours

Question 26

What is the critical level of cd4 T cells to go from hiv to AIDS

Answer 26

Less than 200 T cells / cubic mm