EBL Questions Flashcards
How does LHRH Agonsists and anti-androgens treat prostate cancer
LHRH - Lutenising hormone releasing hormone
LHRH Agonist:
- stimulate the release of LH from anterior pituitary gland = ↑ testosterone production
- ↑ levels of testosterone activates negative feedback, downregulation of LH receptors = ↓ LH = ↓ testosterone
- NO testosterone = prostate cancer cells can’t grow = inhibition
- 1st gen = ↑ testosterone before ↓
- 2nd gen = injected SC act rapidly and inhibit release of LH (doesn’t ↑ testosterone first)
Anti-andrgoens:
- block testosterone from binding to androgen receptor by competitively binding to the receptor
- inhibits signalling pathway which stimulates growth of cancer cells
- 1st gen = compete with androgens for receptor
- 2nd gen = ↑ affinity for receptor + block receptor signalling
How does changes in neural plasticity may contribute to the transition from acute to chronic pain
In chronic pain may have:
- have structural changes in various brain regions
- changes in the central nervous system, particularly in the spinal cord and brain
- heightened sensitivity can result from persistent peripheral input and lead to an amplification of pain signals, making pain more intense and long-lasting
- ongoing input from damaged tissues, there can be an increased sensitivity of these neurons, and this peripheral sensitization contributes to persistent pain
How to manage diabetic foot problems
Antibiotic for diabetic foot infection:
1. flucloxacillin (1st line no penicillin allergy)
2. or clarithromycin (1st line if have allergy)
Monitor for improvement or worsening of symptoms e.g. sepsis
How to manage DKA
- fluid replacement (sodium chloride with potassium chloride pump) to clear presence of ketones, restore electrolyte balance, restore circulatory volume
- insulin therapy = fixed rate IV insulin infusion (FRIII) to supress ketogenesis, reduced blood glucose, correct electrolyte disturbance
- Monitor blood glucose, blood ketone conc. hourly,
